科学家的强国梦——纪念钱三强院士百年诞辰

今年10月16日,是著名核物理学家钱三强院士百年诞辰,人们深情地缅怀这位伟大的科学家、社会活动家、青年教育家和"两弹一星"的元勋、功臣。钱三强出生在一个开明进步的书香世家,他父亲钱玄同曾任北京大学等高校教授,是"五四"时期"新文化运功"的主将,与陈独秀、李大钊、胡适、刘半农、沈尹默等创办了《新青年》杂志,他们6人轮流担任编辑。钱三强在这个充满文化气氛和爱国精神的家庭里受到很好的熏陶和教育,他刻苦学习,成绩优异,在那国难当头之际,他总是梦想着投身科学事业来救国,强国。他19岁那年,考入了清华大学物理系。系主任吴有训亲自指导他完成了毕业论文,结果很满意,毕业后又将他推荐到北平研究院物理研究所所长严济慈那里。他工作了几个月,表现很出色,又在严济慈的支持与鼓励下,考取了公费留学法国的资格。     

Measurement and analysis of soil nitrogen and organic matter content using near-infrared spectroscopy techniques

Near infrared reflectance （N1R） spectroscopy is as a rapid, convenient and simple nondestructive technique useful for quantifying several soil properties. This method was used to estimate nitrogen （N） and organic matter （OM） content in a soil of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou County. A total of 125 soil samples were taken from the field. Ninety-five samples spectra were used during the calibration and cross validation stage. Thirty samples spectra were used to predict N and OM concentration. NIR spectra of these samples were correlated using partial least square regression. The regression coefficients between measured and predicted values of N and OM was 0.92 and 0.93, and SEP （standard error of prediction） were 3.28 and 0.06, respectively, which showed that NIR method had potential to accurately predict these constituents in this soil. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be a good tool for precision farming application.     

中国工程院第二次院士大会在京召开

中国工程院最近增选新院士216人,院士总人数达 312 人。今年 7月 11日至 14日在北京举行了第二次院士大会。李鹏总理接见了与会全体院士并作了重要讲话,朱镕基副     

Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for reduction of fungi from sewage

The objective of the investigation was to study the application of ultrasound reactor technology （USRT） as a disinfectant for reduction of fungi from sewage effluent. Fungi are carbon heterotrophs that require preformed organic compounds as carbon sources. USRT is an attractive means to improve water quality because of the system simplicity and no production of toxic by-products. An ultrasound reactor produces strong cavitation in aqueous solution causing shock waves and reactive free radicals by the violent collapse of the cavitation bubble. These effects should contribute to the physical disruption of microbial structures and inactivation of organisms. There was significant reduction in fungal growth, with decreased fungal growth with increasing USRT. In this study, ultrasound irradiation at a frequency of 42 kHz was used to expose suspensions of fungi to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of the ultrasound reactor. Also, this study showed that in this system more than 99% reduction of sewage fungi was achieved after 60 min.     

丁文江与翁文灏 中国地质科学界的“伯乐”

本文阐述了近代中国地质科学事业两位重要的创始人和奠基人——丁文江与翁文灏在选拔和培养接班人方面的独到之处,就是不搞论资排辈,任人唯贤,大胆擢拔青年精锐。他们不愧是当代的"伯乐"。年轻有为的黄汲清、李春昱等以先天的秉赋和自己的勤奋努力,得到丁、翁的垂青看顾,成长为中国地质科学界卓越的第二代领导人,给后继者树立了光辉的榜样。     

A synthesis of spelling and reading interventions and their effects on the spelling outcomes of students with LD

Previous research studies examining the effects of spelling and reading interventions on the spelling outcomes of students with learning disabilities (LD) are synthesized. An extensive search of the professional literature between 1995 and 2003 yielded a total of 19 intervention studies that provided spelling and reading interventions to students with LD and measured spelling outcomes. Findings revealed that spelling outcomes were consistently improved following spelling interventions that included explicit instruction with multiple practice opportunities and immediate corrective feedback after the word was misspelled. Furthermore, evidence from spelling interventions that employed assistive technology aimed at spelling in written compositions indicated positive effects on spelling outcomes.     

大师的风范

卓越的教育艺术家、演说家、文学家、诗人李燕杰教授走过了光辉的80载人生历程,他的同事、友人、学生,以及社会各界都热烈地向他祝贺。燕杰先生是我的良师益友,回想与他多年的友谊,从他那里受到的谆谆教诲,心潮起伏,难以平静。回忆的镜头推回到20多年以前……     

Factors associated with physical activity referral uptake and participation

The aim of this study was to examine participant and scheme characteristics in relation to access, uptake, and participation in a physical activity referral scheme (PARS) using a prospective population-based longitudinal design. Participants (n = 3762) were recruited over a 3-year period. Logistic regression analyses identified the factors associated with the outcomes of referral uptake, participation, and completion (> or = 80% attendance). Participant's age, sex, referral reason, referring health professional, and type of leisure provider were the independent variables. Based on binary logistic regression analysis (n = 2631), only primary referral reason was associated with the PARS coordinator making contact with the participants. In addition to the influence of referral reason, females were also more likely (odds ratio 1.250, 95% confidence interval 1.003-1.559, P = 0.047) to agree to be assigned to a leisure provider. Referral reason and referring health professional were associated with taking up a referral opportunity. Older participants (1.016, 1.010-1.023, P < 0.001) and males were more likely to complete the referral. In conclusion, the PARS format may be less appropriate for those more constrained by time (women, young adults) and those with certain referral reasons (overweight/obesity, mental health conditions). More appropriate targeting at the point of referral could improve participation rates by revealing or addressing barriers that might later result in dropout.     

A social neuroscience perspective on physical activity

The objective of this investigation was to examine the cognitive characteristics of individuals who demonstrate successful and unsuccessful self-regulation of physical activity behavior. In Study 1, participants articulated 1-week intentions for physical activity and wore a triaxial accelerometer over the subsequent 7 days. Among those who were motivated to increase their physical activity, those who were most and least successful were administered an IQ test. In Study 2, a second sample of participants completed the same protocol and a smaller subset of matched participants attended a functional imaging (fMRI) session. In Study 1, successful self-regulators (SSRs) scored significantly higher than unsuccessful self-regulators (USRs) on a test of general cognitive ability, and this difference could not be accounted for by favorability of attitudes toward physical activity or conscientiousness. In Study 2, the IQ effect was replicated, with SSRs showing a full standard deviation advantage over USRs. In the imaging protocol, USRs showed heavier recruitment of cognitive resources relative to SSRs in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex during performance of a Stroop task; SSRs showed heavier recruitment in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.