2009年世界运动会中国技巧项目金牌突破点探析

通过对2006年技巧世界锦标赛、2007年技巧世界杯和2006年全国技巧冠军赛、2007年全国技巧冠军赛进行对比分析,找出我国技巧项目存在的主要问题,针对差距和不足找出突破点。以“难、稳、美”为突破点,加强运动员的选材、强化“以难制胜”的方针,提高动作完成的质量和艺术的表现力,为我国技巧项目备战2009年世界运动会提供参考。     

The Influence of Metacognitive Training on Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Conceptions of Nature of Science

This study assessed the influence of training in, and use of, metacognitive strategies on the development of prospective elementary teachers’ views of nature of science (NOS). Participants were 49 students (92% female) enrolled in two sections of an elementary science methods course. The sections were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a comparison group. Students in both groups were engaged with explicit‐reflective NOS instruction, which focused on the empirical, tentative, theory‐driven, inferential, and creative NOS. Additionally, students in the intervention group received instruction in, and used, three metacognitive strategies during their engagement with thinking about NOS. The Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire—Form C and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory were respectively used to assess participants’ views of NOS and metacognitive awareness at the beginning and conclusion of the study. Data analyses indicated that significantly more students in the intervention group explicated more informed views of the target aspects of NOS. Moreover, these substantial changes were coupled with significantly increased Metacognitive Awareness Inventory scores for the intervention group participants. The results point to a relationship between improved metacognitive awareness and the development of informed understandings of NOS.     

Does Melatonin Ameliorate Neurological Changes Associated With Alzheimer’s Disease in Ovariectomized Rat Model?

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of melatonin to manage neurological damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced in ovariectomized rats. Forty adult female rats were enrolled in our study and were classified as; gonad intact control, ovariectomized control group, ovariectomized rats received melatonin, ovariectomized rats injected with AlCl₃ to induce AD and AD-induced rats treated with melatonin. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and acetylcholine (Ach) were estimated in the brain tissues of the different groups. Treatment of AD-induced rats with melatonin produced marked improvement in the most studied biomarkers which was confirmed by histological investigation of the brain. In Conclusion, melatonin significantly ameliorates the neurodegeneration characteristic of AD in experimental animal model due to its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, neurotrophic and anti-amyloidogenic activities.     

Programming education in the frameworks of reverse engineering and theory of didactical situations

Education and Information Technologies - This study aims to evaluate the teaching of the programming process carried out through scenarios related to daily life within the framework of Reverse...     

Utilization of discrete transforms to conquer the problems of multi-tone systems

This paper presents a new implementation of discrete multi-tone (DMT) systems based on different discrete transforms that include the discrete sine transform (DST), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The implementation also considers time-domain equalization to mitigate channel distortion. Compared to the fast Fourier transform discrete multi-tone (FFT-DMT) system, the proposed implementations have an advantage in that their energy-compaction property helps in reducing the channel effects. The performance of the DST-DMT, DCT-DMT, DWT-DMT, and FFT-DMT systems, employing a time-domain equalizer (TEQ), is investigated in the paper. It has been demonstrated by computer simulations that the proposed implementations outperform the FFT-DMT system and that the utilization of the TEQ can lead to higher bit rates     

A model of psychological well-being among international students*

This study aims to investigate the relationship between acculturation attitude (i.e. adjustment and attachment attitudes) and individuals’ psychological adaptation (i.e. life satisfaction, depression and self-esteem). Additionally, the relationship between the dimensions of psychological adaptation with psychological well-being and their mediation effect are examined. Data were collected from 974 randomly selected international students pursuing their Master or Doctoral level studies in six Malaysian public universities using a structured questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied to examine the relationships in the research model. The results revealed that both adjustment and attachment attitudes are significantly related to life satisfaction and self-esteem while only adjustment attitude associates with depression. All the three dimensions of psychological adaptation are significantly related to psychological well-being. Moreover, the mediation effect of life satisfaction, self-esteem and depression are supported for the relationship between adjustment attitude and psychological well-being. Study implications and contributions are presented.     

Perceptions of inequalities in access and usage of ICT in Islamic faith schools

Although the educational experiences of South Asian Muslim women have been studied, little is known regarding the role of technology and its effects on education in this population. This study explores the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in British Muslim girls’ schools and its effect on learning. It uses primary data from semi-structured interviews with 14–19-year-olds in three Islamic faith schools. Template analysis was used to identify emerging themes. Participants had access to a wide range of technologies and applications; however, access was often limited to classroom settings. Participants also used subject-specific resources available from learning platforms, although this was not consistent across schools and subjects. The participants felt that the range of resources was limited because of their gender and religion, and wanted greater access to ICT, and more online collaboration and social communication. A didactic approach to instruction was prevalent and for many, exacerbated a ‘digital disconnect’. Our findings suggest that Islamic faith schools reinforce lack of home ICT use. The current didactic approach highlights differences with the student-centred pedagogical techniques of early Qur’anic schools. This study encourages a discussion of the challenges of open access to information, religious freedoms and ensuring equality of learning.     

Effects of temperature and diet on length-weight relationship and condition factor of the juvenile Malabar blood snapper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lutjanus malabaricus</Emphasis> Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801)

In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of water temperature and diet on the length-weight relationship and condition of juvenile Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus over a 30-d experimental period. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a flow-through-sea-water system. The fish were subjected to four different temperatures (22, 26, 30, and 34 °C) and two diets (commercial pellet and natural shrimp). Fish were fed twice daily. L. malabaricus exhibited negative allometric growth (b<3) at the beginning of the experiment (Day 0) at all temperatures and both diets except for 22 °C fed with shrimp, which showed isometric growth (b=3). Conversely, at the end of the experiment (Day 30) fish showed isometric growth (b=3) at 30 °C fed with the pellet diet, indicating that the shape of the fish did not change with increasing weight and length, and a positive allometric growth (b>3) at 30 °C fed with shrimp diet, which indicated that fish weight increases faster than their length. The rest of the temperatures represented negative allometric growth (b<3) on both diet, meaning that fish became lighter with increasing size. The condition factors in the initial and final measurements were greater than 1, indicating the state of health of the fish, except for those fed on a pellet diet at 34 °C. However, the best condition was obtained at 30 °C on both diets. Nevertheless, diets did not have a significant effect on growth and condition of juvenile L. malabaricus. The data obtained from this study suggested culturing L. malabaricus at 30 °C and feeding on the pellet or shrimp diet, which will optimize the overall production and condition of this commercially important fish species.