Instructional Planning in a Centralized School System: Lessons of a Study Among Primary School Teachers in Turkey

The purpose of the study described in this article was to assess teachers' planning practices at the primary-school level in Turkey. Altogether 210 schools were surveyed, a questionnaire was distributed to all teachers in these schools, and 1194 teachers responded to the questionnaire. The results indicated that the main sources of influence on daily and unit plans are teachers' experience, the national curriculum and the course textbooks. In daily planning, teachers assigned the highest level of importance to student characteristics and availability of learning materials, and the lowest level of importance to evaluation procedures and writing objectives. The main problems faced by teachers in planning were: the gap between the national curriculum and the classroom needs, difficulties in using the standard format for preparing plans, shortage of time and resources, insufficient support from principals and inspectors, and lack of cooperation among teachers.     

从接受美学看陈应松小说的魅力

接受美学突出读者的作用,强调文学作品是读者和文本共同作用的结果。陈应松的神农架小说在当今文坛引起了很大震动,从接受美学的角度来看,他的作品既满足了读者的期待视野,又打破了期待视野,而这正是神农架小说的魅力之所在。     

河北医药制造企业联合采购的实施

河北医药制造企业实施联合采购,能有效降低企业采购成本、提升利润空间。就联合采购实施的优势、模式以及需要解决等问题进行探讨。     

Democratic Development and Prospects for Citizenship Education: Theoretical Perspectives on Sub-Saharan Africa

The case of Africa, in terms of development and democratic prospects, is encountering a number of hurdles that are stubborn, and are even getting increasingly more difficult to overcome. This paper, while agreeing with a number of leading Africanists who are calling for the efficient repair of Africa's political systems without which, I concur, other components of the national and continental enterprises may not function effectively, calls for the establishment of citizenship education programs that must strengthen Africa's partially fledgling but, in many cases, faltering new democracies. The paper cautions about accepting liberal democracy at face value and sees the possibility of selectively Africanizing democracy so it fits the needs as well as the expectations of the African public. The paper also recognizes that even if democracy may not always effectively respond to the needs of the people, its critical appreciation, via viable programs of citizenship, will, in the long run, produce better results for Africa's marginalized hundreds of millions.     

Serum adenosine deaminase in carcinoma breast

Serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in 20 control cases and 32 patients with carcinoma breast. In control group the ADA activity ranged from 13–94 IU/L with a mean of 43.75±21.55 IU/L while in patients of carcinoma breast it was 16–95 IU/L with a mean of 47.46±22.54 IU/L, but these values were not statistically different. The ADA activity was also compared with other parameters in patients of carcinoma breast but the difference was not statistically significant in the various parameters like duration of disease, menopausal status, tumor size, hemoglobin level, total leucocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, total serum proteins, serum albumin, histological grade of tumor and lymphocytic infiltration. The only significant difference in ADA activity was when N1 status of lymph node was compared with N2 status of lymph node.     

Pathogenicity of bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode （Steinernema carpocapsae） and its secretion against Galleria mellonella larvae

INTRODUCTION Entomopathogenic nematodes of the generaSteinernema and Heterorhabditis have been used tocontrol a wide range of agriculturally important insectpests (Kaya and Gaugler, 1993). The mechanism bywhich these nematodes are able to infect and repro-duce in the insect host involves a mutual relationshipbetween the nematode and the symbiotic bacteria,Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. (Akhurstand Dunphy, 1993; Forst and Nealson, 1996). Poinarand Thomas (1966) established tha…     

An Online Course to Prepare Preservice Teachers to Promote Movement Integration

Previous research has not explored the potential of distance learning to prepare preservice teachers (PCTs) for promoting children’s physical activity. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the perceptions and experiences of PCTs, inservice classroom teachers, university instructors, and elementary students who were involved in a semester-long distance delivery course that included a service-learning (SL) component with an emphasis on classroom movement integration (MI). Using a qualitative single case study design, interviews, observations, and artifacts (e.g. PCTs’ reflections and academic work) were thematically analyzed. Findings produced three themes including student-centered approach, benefit/importance of physical activity, and connect and reflect. These themes showed that participants’ perceptions and experiences support constructivist-guided SL using a distance delivery design. This study adds to the emerging research base on school-university partnerships to support schools in the implementation of comprehensive school physical activity programming.     

An adaptive mesh method with variable relaxation time

Moving mesh partial differential equations have been widely used in the last decade for solving differential equations exhibiting large solution variations such as shock waves and boundary layers.In this paper, we have applied a dynamic adaptive method for solving time-dependent differential equations. The mesh velocities are governed by an equation in which a relaxation time is employed to move nodes in such a way that they remain concentrated in regions of rapid variation of the solution. A numerical example involving a blow-up problem shows the advantage of using a variable relaxation time over a fixed one.     

The significance of troponin T and CK-MB release in coronary artery bypass surgery

Measurement of cardiac markers is an index of care standard in the assessment and diagnosis of cardiovascualr disease. Two of the major cardiac markers are Creatine Kinase isoenzyme CK-MB and Troponin T, which are extensively used in the diagnosis of heart disease. The release of Troponin T and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) was investigated in 50 coronary artery bypass surgery patients. Measurement of plasma samples was carried out at five different time points, namely before surgery, 1,6,12,24 hours after surgery. The results indicated that CK-MB level were increased by a factor more than four times compared with the upper limit of baseline (befor surgery). Troponin T concentration showed more than six fold over the upper limit of baseline (before surgert) at 1,6,12,24 hours after surgery. In order to assess the significance of the length of the surgical procedure on the release of Troponin T and CK-MB, the surgery patient were divided into two groups according to the length of the surgical procedure: group I was selected on the basis that the surgical procedure they underwent lasted above 90 minutes and group II with a surgical procedure below 90 minutes. Both Troponin T and CK-MB showed a significant increase in-group I compared to group II. To investigate the likelihood that this effect is party due to myocardial infarction during surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: Group A with some sings of myocardial infarction on Q wave of ECG and group B without any change. The results showed approximately a two-fold increase of these markers in-group A compared to group B. Since these markers reach into blood following damage to myocardial their increase in patients with time course surgery of more than 90 minutes and those with a probability of MI during operation, indicating that these patient fall into a high risk group of repeat (MI) after surgery.