Āryabhata (born 476 CE) is regarded as a pioneer of mathematical astronomy in ancient India. In this three-part article, I
shall discuss one important contribution of Āryabhata in astronomy involving the least technical background —the principle
of axial rotation (Part 1) and computations on the sidereal day (Part 2). Portions of 4 verses, pertaining to Earth’s rotation,
from his famous treatise Āryabhatīya will be quoted. In Part 3, I shall give a brief historical account on the concept of
axial rotation of Earth. 相似文献
In this series of articles, we intend to have a glimpse of some of the landmarks in ancient Indian mathematics with special
emphasis on number theory. This issue features a brief overview of some of the high peaks of mathematics in ancient India.
In the next part we shall describe Aryabhata’s general solution in integers of the equationax -by =c. In subsequent instalments we shall discuss in some detail two of the major contributions by Indians in number theory. The
climax of the Indian achievements in algebra and number theory was their development of the ingeniouschakravala method for solving, in integers, the equation x2 -Dy2 = 1, erroneously known as the Pell equation. We shall later describe the partial solution of Brahmagupta and then the complete
solution due to Jayadeva and Bhaskaracharya. 相似文献
Seven computer applications to science assessment are reviewed. Conventional test administration includes record keeping, grading, and managing test banks. Multiple-choice testing involves forced selection of an answer from a menu, whereas constructed-response testing involves options for students to present their answers within a set standard deviation. Adaptive testing attempts to individualize the test to minimize the number of items and time needed to assess a student's knowledge. Figurai response testing assesses science proficiency in pictorial or graphic mode and requires the student to construct a mental image rather than selecting a response from a multiple choice menu. Simulations have been found useful for performance assessment on a large-scale basis in part because they make it possible to independently specify different aspects of a real experiment. An emerging approach to performance assessment is solution pathway analysis, which permits the analysis of the steps a student takes in solving a problem. Virtually all computer-based testing systems improve the quality and efficiency of record keeping and data analysis. 相似文献
What is the nature of the force or mechanism that moves massive continents thousands of miles across? What causes violent earthquakes to displace huge landmasses abruptly? How could great mountain ranges like Himalayas and Alps rise to such incredible heights? What makes earth's interior so restless? Answers to some of these questions may lie in understanding the Earth's interior itself. 相似文献
Purpose: The study aims at finding out relevance and knowledge levels of selected teaching competencies as perceived by educational administrators, faculty and students, in order to assess the training needs of faculty of agricultural universities.
Methodology: Relevance and knowledge levels were tested through a teaching competency questionnaire developed and run on 292 respondents fitting into administrator, faculty and student groups. Needs Assessment Model by Borich [1980. “A Needs Assessment Model for Conducting Follow-up Studies.” Journal of Teacher Education 31 (3): 39–42] is used to identify training needs.
Findings: Results indicate differences in perceptions among groups towards teaching competencies. Prioritized training needs were identified which provide the content and direction for the development of faculty in-service educational programmes.
Practical implications: Faculty of agricultural universities need periodic in-service training programmes in order to improve their teaching competencies so that they become effective and competent teachers in the present educational environment.
Theoretical implications: The statistically validated methodological framework provides for capturing the perception of all stakeholders on the teaching competencies among the faculty members of Agricultural Universities in India, and offers a scope for scaling up the study for similar educational setting in the region.
Originality/value: The perception of students and administrators was also considered along with the self-perception of faculty about the relevance and knowledge levels of teaching competencies. 相似文献
The ways computer technology could be used to teach science to students with learning disabilities (LD) are explored. Science is for all students and that includes students with LD. Learning science has both cognitive and affective implications for students with LD. In this context, computer technology provides cognitively engaging and motivating instructional tools for individualizing the mode of delivery; developing expert tutors; anchoring instruction; integrating science with other subjects; reducing cognitive load on working memory; and motivating students to stay on task. These applications are discussed with implications for teaching science to students with LD. 相似文献
An interesting and relevant case involving two distinct systematic evaluations, traditional as well as somewhat nontraditional, of a science teacher education project with a heavy technology emphasis is discussed. Comparisons of the two separate evaluations of the same project revealed the complexity of evaluating technology projects and the multifaceted ways in which the evaluation endeavor could be approached, and provided an unusual situation and seldom seen opportunity for thinking about such evaluations. Additionally, what some other authors have said about the evaluations of efforts that take advantage of technology in the training of science teachers will also be explored. Evaluators must become active players in guiding the infusion of technology in preservice science programs. If evaluators, don't function to identify what works and what doesn't and what induces the best supportive environment, then who will? 相似文献
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance
(GMR). GMR is achieved in metallic multilayers, where the resistance of the multilayer changes considerably by the application
of a magnetic field. This has paved the way for high density data storage in magnetic media.
(left) Debakanata Samal is a research scholar at the Deaprtment of Physics at IISc, Bangalore. His research interests are
in magnetotransport in oxide multilayers, spintronics.
(right) P S Anil Kumar is an Asst. Professor at the Department of Physics, IISc Bangalore. His research interests are in spintronics,
magnetic nano-structures, surface-and thin-film magnetism, magnetotransport in metallic multilayers and oxides, and spin-polarized
electron scattering. 相似文献