关于阴阳观念的几点思考

当我们把阴阳观念作为一种思想方法时,它对中国文化的影响是无比巨大的。当我们把这种思想方法抽象为一种可以称为最简关系式的逻辑形式时,它的威力还将继续影响我们并会发扬光大。全面论证这一问题这里无法胜任,仅提出五点想法以就教于方家。     

衡水湖国家级自然保护区湿地景观格局演变分析

基于1987年、1997年和2005年3期TM遥感数据,对衡水湖的湿地景观空间格局及其演变进行分析,结果表明：该区域以农田为景观基质,水体和芦苇沼泽交错分布构成区域湿地生境的主体斑块,其余景观类型呈以小尺度斑块散布于区域中。保护区湿地景观改变较明显,湿地由1987年的20.2%上升到1997年的23.4%,2005年占到22.3%,农田向湿地类型的转变最为显著,农田和湿地类型之间的动态转换关系很大程度上决定了保护区土地利用结构和景观格局的演变。从景观类型水平来看,表现为水体的平均斑块面积增加,由1987年的3.5187hm²减到1997年的2.0187hm²到2005年为4.3997hm²,破碎度指数下降;聚合度指数和最大斑块指数先降后升,而连接度指数先增后减;芦苇沼泽平均斑块面积下降明显,由1987年的2.6169hm²降到1997年的0.5437hm²,到2005年为0.3558hm²,且形状日趋复杂自然,最大斑块指数和聚合度指数持续减少,而连接度指数的变化趋势则相反,但总体上芦苇沼泽沼泽小面积斑块数量仍占相当比例,破碎化程度仍维持较高水平。在景观整体水平上,保护区的景观多样性和均匀度指数呈缓慢上升趋势,破碎化指数由1987年的51.068增到1997年的74.0985后2005年减为37.88,以农田为景观基质的蔓延度指数则先降后升。景观格局分析表明,衡水湖保护区湿地面积逐步恢复,破碎化程度降低且景观日趋多样化,连通性虽不及1987年历史最高水平却呈加强趋势,湿地生境质量得到优化,2005年湿地恢复的景观格局的空间配置达到3个时期的历史最高水平,也体现了保护区规划管理取得一定成效。     

Measurement and analysis of soil nitrogen and organic matter content using near-infrared spectroscopy techniques

Near infrared reflectance （N1R） spectroscopy is as a rapid, convenient and simple nondestructive technique useful for quantifying several soil properties. This method was used to estimate nitrogen （N） and organic matter （OM） content in a soil of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou County. A total of 125 soil samples were taken from the field. Ninety-five samples spectra were used during the calibration and cross validation stage. Thirty samples spectra were used to predict N and OM concentration. NIR spectra of these samples were correlated using partial least square regression. The regression coefficients between measured and predicted values of N and OM was 0.92 and 0.93, and SEP （standard error of prediction） were 3.28 and 0.06, respectively, which showed that NIR method had potential to accurately predict these constituents in this soil. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be a good tool for precision farming application.     

掺杂一维光子晶体透射谱研究

用传输矩阵法计算模拟掺杂(含缺陷)一维光子晶体模型(ABCn AB)m 的透射谱,当n=1,(AB-CAB)m的透射谱出现了有规律的共振透射带,具有宽带滤波的特性,当m=10时,(ABCAB)10随缺陷层C的折射率nc的变化,禁带中心频率处(1.0ω/ω0)出现了一个带宽由大变小变化的透射带,且每个透射带又分裂为恒定透射率的多个透射峰;当m=10,n为奇数时,模型(ABC nAB)10 的透射谱出现奇数个透射带,n为偶数时,出现偶数个透射带,且每个透射带均分裂为9个透射峰.这些特性可用于设计可调性多通道滤波器等.     

The Impact of an Erasmus Placement in Students’ Perception of their Intercultural Communicative Competence

Pre- and post-questionnaires answered by UK Nottingham Trent University (NTU) and Spain’s University of Salamanca (USAL) students on their placement abroad support a comparative analysis of its impact on their intercultural communicative competence, comprising the awareness, attitude, skills and knowledge dimensions. NTU students started their placements with better results in them all. Yet, while both groups completed their stay with a similarly increased awareness, the knowledge and skills of the USAL group matched the results of NTU students and, whereas the scores of the attitude dimension towards the host country of NTU students did not increase significantly, those of USAL students decreased.     

Constructivist Approaches in a Dual-Language Classroom

Dual-language programs are becoming increasingly popular among educators and the public in general. In these programs, students aim at attaining full proficiency in English and another language while reaching an academic achievement at or above grade level. This article describes a series of pedagogical practices in the context of dual-language classrooms. We set the discussion across three defining characteristics of our constructivist perspective: learning as collaboration, teachers as facilitators, and language and culture as intertwined elements in schools. In sum, we postulate that dual-language programs bring equity to schools.     

武术奥运之路的文化思考

武术在奥运之路的进程中面临了“保持传统”与“继续西化”的两难境地,在选择“文化之路”还是“体育之路”中,中国武术依然选择了“全盘西化”的“奥林匹克”之路。但武术是一个体系庞大的文化体系,在力争进入奥林匹克之时,一定要注重自身的文化特色和尊严,按照自身的发展规律渐进而行。鉴于武术的多元性,武术的发展也需要多条道路,既要重视“体育之路”,更要重视“文化之路”。     

女大学生体育与心理健康研究

采用文献法等,对辽宁省普通高校女性大学生心理健康及参加体育锻炼状况进行研究分析。结果表明,辽宁省普通高校女性大学生心理健康状况高于全国大学生同年龄组水平,但存在着差异,男生相对好于女生。女大学生体育锻炼特点,从总体上看,大、中、小运动量分布不是很均匀,大部分女生侧重于小到中运动量的体育锻炼;体育锻炼的主观思想参与倾向是较为积极的,她们在周围群体的行为及学校教育的引导下,更容易受其感染而使个人的体育参与意识受到启发,进而激发她们从主观愿望上愿意参与到体育活动之中。中等偏下运动量对女性大学生有较好的心理健康效应,长期坚持中等运动量的体育锻炼有利于女性大学生心理健康水平的提高。     

The changing of the sponsorship market

Since the time of state socialism, Hungarian sport has been totally financed by the state. Therefore, Hungarian soccer and sponsorship market is a relatively new and unexplored subject of research in the field of sports sponsorship, as most studies so far have focused on the major European soccer leagues. The main objective of this paper, focusing on the Hungarian soccer sponsorship market, was to evaluate the range of soccer sponsorship objectives and the range of evaluation tools that sponsors use to measure the effectiveness of their sponsorships. A combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research methods served as the methodological foundation of this study. In the quantitative phase, representatives of the sponsor companies (n=103) were asked to rate the importance of the sponsorship objectives and the importance of the evaluation techniques used to measure the effectiveness of their sponsorships. The results of this study have implications for the sports sponsorship industry, the Hungarian soccer club sponsors, and the sport properties too. According to the research results, many of the Hungarian sponsor companies have failed to assess the effectiveness of sponsorship in meeting their objectives. The research can be used to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of soccer sponsorship in Hungary.     

Effect of different recovery patterns on repeated-sprint ability and neuromuscular responses

We examined the effect of recovery pattern on mechanical and neuromuscular responses in active men during three repeated-sprint ability tests consisting of ten 6-s cycling sprints. Within each test, the recovery duration was manipulated: constant, increasing, and decreasing recovery pattern. Maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors were performed before and after the repeated-sprint ability tests to assess strength and electromyographic activity [root mean square (RMS)] of the quadriceps muscle. We observed different fatigue patterns for peak and mean power output between recovery patterns, with earlier decrements recorded during the increasing recovery pattern. Total work performed over the ten sprints was also lower in the increasing recovery pattern (43.8 +/- 5.4 kJ; P < 0.05). However, the decreasing recovery pattern induced a greater overall power output decrement across the sprints (-15.8%; P < 0.05), compared with the increasing recovery pattern (-5.1%) but not the constant recovery pattern (-10.1%). The decreasing recovery pattern was also associated with higher post-sprint RMS values (+16.2%; P < 0.05). Therefore, the recovery pattern within successive short sprints may influence repeated-sprint ability, and may lead to greater post-sprint neuromuscular adjustments when recovery intervals decrease between sprints. We conclude that peripheral impairments caused the major differences in repeated-sprint ability between recovery patterns.