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171.
Andy Hargreaves 《Journal of Educational Change》2002,3(3-4):189-214
The paper examines the conceptual and strategicrole of social geographies in contributing toor undermining sustainable school improvement.It develops a four-fold definition ofsustainability as involving improvement overtime, within available or achievable resourcesthat does not impact negatively on thesurrounding environment and that promotesecological diversity and capacity more widely.A conceptual framework of social geographies isdeveloped along with its implications forsustainability. This analysis is then appliedto a further framework of seven strategicgeographies of educational change whichdeliberately try to arrange, order or exploitspace in particular ways to secure schoolchange. These are market geographies, networkgeographies, virtual geographies, geographiesof scaling up, standardized geographies,differential geographies and geographies ofsocial movements. The paper concludes byreviewing the other contributions to the volumeon the theme of social geographies ofeducational change, and describes the SpencerFoundation funded conference from which theysprang. 相似文献
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Andy Brock 《Higher Education》1996,32(2):113-127
In recent years universities in Africa have come under increasing pressure from governments and donors to improve their efficiency. A World Bank report in 1988 suggested that African universities were amongst the most inefficient in the developing world. The attack on African higher education mirrors a trend to be found in higher education systems worldwide as institutions used to a large degree of autonomy and preferential funding come under increasing scrutiny.In Ghana, a response to these pressures has been made by the Ministry of Education and the country's three universities. A new system of programme linked budgeting (PLB), to be introduced in 1996, aims to reform the way universities are funded and thereby to improve their efficiency. A case study undertaken in 1993 analysed the new budgeting system to be introduced and found that it was PLB in name only. The need for political and institutional stability had in fact led to the development of an input based model which almost entirely neglected output measures. Despite a positive attempt at budgetary reform, the specification of the model seriously impaired its ability to affect the economic behaviour of the universities in ways likely to improve efficiency. In the worst case, the new budgeting system could even cause a deterioration in efficiency.The lessons of this study are applicable to both the developing and developed world. Governments, sensitive to the difficulties of introducing radical change in institutional funding, tend to adulterate the pursuit of economic efficiency when political expediency becomes a priority. This study of the Ghanaian universities suggests that ignoring the economic effects of changes in funding may be attractive but may, in fact, lead to decreases in efficiency and result in more severe difficulties - both economic and political - being faced in the longer term. 相似文献
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Andy Hargreaves 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(4):303-320
This paper identifies and analyses different dimensions of time and their implications for teachers’ work. The theoretical analysis arises from a study of elementary principals’ and teachers’ perceptions and uses of preparation time. Five dimensions of time are identified and discussed: technical‐rational time, micropolitical time, phenomenological time, physical time, and sociopolitical time. From the point of view of the classroom, teachers and administrators have different perceptions of time. Driven by linear, technical‐rational time perspectives, administrators seek to speed the pace of change. Teachers operate in a phenomenological time‐frame where they seek to slow down change. As the gap between administration and teaching widens, so do the differences in time perspectives between teachers and administrators. The paper concludes with a set of questions about the strength of present divisions between administration and teaching. 相似文献
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Fabio Savoldi Andy W. K. Yeung Ray Tanaka Lisa S. Mohammad Zadeh Carla Montalvao Michael M. Bornstein James K. H. Tsoi 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(1):62-70
Learning bone anatomy of the skull is a complex topic involving three-dimensional information. The impact of the use of human dry skulls and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was investigated in the teaching of undergraduate dental students. Sixty-four first-year students in the University of Hong Kong were randomly divided into eight groups. Four teaching methods were tested: (1) CBCT followed by standard lecture, (2) CBCT followed by lecture with skulls, (3) standard lecture followed by CBCT, and (4) lecture with skulls followed by CBCT. After each, students were given a multiple-choice questionnaire to assess their objective learning outcome (20 questions) and a questionnaire for their subjective satisfaction (10 statements). Surveys were assessed with Cronbach's alpha, Kendall's tau-b, and principal components analysis. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and a one-way ANOVA (significance α = 0.05). Standard lecture followed by CBCT showed the highest learning outcome score (81.6% ± 14.1%), but no significant difference was present among four teaching methods. Cone beam computed tomography followed by lecture with skulls scored the highest overall subjective satisfaction (4.9 ± 0.8 out of 6), but no significant difference was present among teaching methods. Nevertheless, students' perception of learning was positively influenced by the use of skulls (P = 0.018). The timing of administration of the CBCT did not affect students' subjective satisfaction or objective learning outcome. Students perceived to learn more by using skulls, but their objective learning outcomes were not significantly affected. A discrepancy seems to exist between students' perception of learning and their effective performance. 相似文献