从中、美高校体育院系称谓与本科专业设置看人才培养观的差异

对中、美高校体育专业教育的体育院系及专业名称、人才培养目标等方面进行对比分析,借鉴美国高等体育专业教育的先进经验,指出我国高等体育院校的改革与发展应融入高等教育发展的主流;符合社会和经济发展的需要,并与我国体育事业的发展紧密相连;办出院校特色.     

Culturally colored didactics: The sociopolitical at the heart of second/foreign language teaching in Francophone geolinguistic spaces

This article analyzes sociopolitical influences in the construction of national didactic spaces. First, it provides a general framework of analysis. Second, it argues that Francophonie (the French-speaking countries and communities of the world collectively) constitutes geopolitical spaces sharing linguistic, cultural, economic and institutional constructions but that it is culturally and linguistically varied. This sociopolitical context gives rise to particular ideologies of language and to the consequent need for second/foreign language didactics. The examples of France and Quebec are used to show how contexts influence these didactics. Third, from the locus of professional associations, the paper shows empirically how geographic didactic clusters are both culturolinguistically colored and continentally influenced. It concludes that dealing with diversity (didactic diversity or linguistic and cultural diversity) is not an easy task: Both second/foreign language didactics and the constituent communities of Francophonie are searching for ways of being together in a postmodern world.     

计算机辅助设计公选课教学改革的研究与实践

公共选修课设置目的是为了拓宽学生知识面、提高学生的综合素养水平、增强生存技能与竞争实力。本文就公共选修课在教学和管理上存在的问题,对AutoCAD计算机辅助设计公共选修课进行了全面的改革与实践,为提高公共选修课教学质量做了积极的探索与尝试。     

Learners’ motivational response to the Science,PE, & Me! curriculum: A situational interest perspective

BackgroundThe Science, PE, & Me! (SPEM) curriculum is a concept-based physical education curriculum that offers students coherent educational experiences for constructing health-related fitness knowledge through movement experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ motivational response to the SPEM curriculum from the situational interest perspective.MethodsThe study used a cluster randomized controlled design in which 30 elementary schools in one of the largest metropolitan areas in the eastern United States were randomly assigned to an experimental or comparison condition. Although all students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades in the targeted schools were eligible to participate in the study, a random sample of students from the experimental (n = 1749; 15 schools) and comparison groups (n = 1985; 15 schools) provided data. Students’ motivational response to the SPEM curriculum or comparison curriculum was measured using the previously validated Situational Interest Scale–Elementary. Data were analyzed using structural mean modeling.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the experimental group (as reference group) showed significantly higher enjoyment (z = –2.01), challenge (z = –6.54), exploration (z = –12.195), novelty (z = –8.80), and attention demand (z = –7.90) than the comparison group.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the SPEM curriculum created a more situationally interesting context for learning than the comparison physical education curriculum.     

对虾免疫系统及调控机制的研究进展

对虾是现代生活中重要的水产品,随着养殖规模和密度的增加,对虾疾病也愈发严重,造成了不可估量的经济损失.因此,对虾的免疫系统及其调控机制一直是人们关注和研究的重点.与脊椎动物不同,对虾拥有完善的非特异性免疫系统,主要包括细胞免疫和体液免疫两个体系.当感受到外来物入侵以后,对虾会立刻启动相关的免疫级联反应,一方面触发细胞免疫系统,包括血细胞的吞噬、包掩和凝集等免疫反应;另一方面也会诱发体液免疫系统,包括血淋巴或体液中酶(如溶菌酶、酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶等)、免疫因子(如凝集素、溶血素等)以及调节因子(如酚氧化酶原激活系统等)的防御功能.针对对虾的免疫系统及其调控机制进行了概述,以期为对虾养殖业的病害防治研究提供参考.     

Singapore's anatomical future: Quo Vadis?

The disciplines of anatomy and surgery are not dichotomous since one is dependent on the other. Traditionally, surgeons predominantly taught gross and clinical anatomy. In this review, we examine the context of how human anatomy is taught nowadays. In essence, we discovered that there are certain discernable trends consistently observable between the American and British systems. In Singapore, the British Russell Group first influenced its education landscape but now more so by the American Ivy League. Singapore now has three medical schools all offering differing anatomy curricula, which serves as an opportune time for it to consider if there is a best approach given that the practice of surgery is also evolving in parallel. This review discusses the various pedagogies and issues involved, and will serve as a forum and stimulus for discussion. By tweaking the curriculum correctly and the lessons learnt, future doctors and surgeons in training will receive a better anatomical education, not just in Singapore but the world in general. Key recommendations include the use of body painting, clay, plasticine to facilitate the learning of anatomy, and the implementation of a body donation program. Furthermore, strategic mergers with key stakeholders will also ensure the survival of the discipline.     

Anatomical Sciences Education Vol. 5, Issue 4, 2012 Cover Image

A group of first year medical students at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine of the National University of Singapore study anatomy in the Anatomy Museum at this institution. Using an anatomical model, students discuss the extraocular muscles with their lecturers Drs. Boon‐Huat Bay (center) and Eng‐Tat Ang (third from left). In this issue of ASE, Dr. Ang and his colleagues review the past, present, and future of anatomy education in Singapore's three medical schools.     

A Pedagogical Understanding of the Self-Determination Theory in Physical Education

Learner motivation is considered an important premise for learning achievement. One of the theories used to explain learner motivation in physical education is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Different from others, SDT acknowledges the controlling nature of institutionalized education and builds its application around externally imposed regulatory mechanisms to enhance learner motivation. In this article, we review research findings on SDT in physical education and reason for the use of externally regulated motivation approaches as a primary strategy in physical education. We frame our arguments in the constructivist learning theories and argue that using external regulation mechanisms to maximize learner motivation is not inconsistent with the constructivist learning theories. Our pedagogical understanding about satisfying the basic human needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy leads us to believe that the priority should be placed on competence development with relatedness as a pedagogical platform for competence development in physical education.     

Learning Benefits of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results in 10-Year-Old Children

Abstract

The leg strength of 70 college men was measured in a position designed to involve the power thrust of the major muscle groups used in the vertical jump. The subjects then performed a modified Sargent jump that used no arm snap. Although the reliability of all measures was high, individual differences in the ratio of tested strength to body mass showed only a low and nonsignificant correlation with jumping performance. The results are interpreted to support the hypothesis that strength exerted against a dynamometer involves a different neuromotor pattern than strength exerted by the muscles during a movement. Tables of means, variabilities, and intercorrelations are included in the report.