Science Teachers’ Perceptions: Similarities and Differences in the U.S., England,Singapore and Japan

The prospect of using internationally generated comparative data, augmented with practice patterns, to provide useful information from which countries can learn from each other, is gaining acceptance from the increasing popularity of such an approach (Stigler and Hiebert, 1999). Using the survey data from TIMSS we examine the beliefs of teachers in the U.S., England, Singapore and Japan, and find little national variation in many teachers’ perceptions of core practices in science teaching, indicating that science teachers the world over share the same common core practices. However, there is one key difference among their practices, which signals a departure in the way teachers in Japan and Singapore operate vis‐à‐vis those in the U.S. and England. This key difference is attributed to cultural differences in the U.S. and England, when compared to Japan and Singapore.     

大科学项目的组织分析

论述了大科学项目是当代科学活动的一种重要形态，并且带有国际色彩，往往需要在国际范围内整合科技资源以解决一些人类共同面对的重大问题，但我国在参与和组织大科学项目中的表现却不尽如人意。本文就大科学项目的组织结构方面进行了分析，介绍了一种适合于大科学项目的复合式的项目型组织结构，并分析了大科学项目的组织特点和组织原则，对于我国的大科学实践具有一定的借鉴意义。     

终极娱乐——给魔术师和心灵魔术师的导演笔记（节选）

第二章神秘娱乐的层次关系 从我们的这边看出去,我们带给观众的表演是魔术效果（effect）。而从观众的角度来看呢,我们的演出可分成三种不同的感受：     

基于证据推理理论的新产品开发项目投资风险评价方法

针对新产品开发项目投资风险评价信息不完全和不准确的问题,引入了证据推理理论和方法,建立包含否定性指标与非否定性指标的新产品开发项目投资的风险评价指标体系,结合实例进行了实证研究。研究表明该方法具有可操作性,并可以为企业进行研发项目投资前期的预测和决策提供科学和较为准确的依据。     

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in professional women football players: a randomized sham-controlled trial

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during a maximal exercise tolerance test and on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in professional women football players. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (n = 8) or IMT (n = 10). After a maximal incremental exercise test, all participants performed (on a different day) a time-to-exhaustion (Tlim) test. Peripheral and respiratory muscles oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, breath-by-breath ventilatory and metabolic variables, and blood lactate concentration were measured. The RSA test was performed on a grass field. After a 6 week intervention, all athletes were reevaluated. Both groups showed increases in inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance and RSA performance, however only the IMT group presented lower deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on intercostal muscles concomitantly to an increased oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on vastus lateralis muscle during Tlim. In conclusion, these results may indicate the potential role of IMT to attenuate inspiratory muscles metaboreflex and consequently improve oxygen and blood supply to limb muscles during high-intensity exercise, with a potential impact on inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and sprints performance in professional women football players.     

设计性实验《电阻测量与应用》可行性分析

综合设计性实验在大学物理实验中要占有一定比例,但是原理简单、容易操作的实验很少.在电阻测量中因实验目的不同其实验内容、实验方法也不同,具有很大的操作性,在工业生产中电阻式传感器在测试技术上的应用也比较多,其原理简单易懂,涉及的方面也比较广,因此《电阻的测量与应用》是可以作为一个设计性实验开设.     

Is In-Class Physical Activity at Risk in Constructivist Physical Education?

Constructivist physical education emphasizes cognitive engagement. This study examined the impact of a constructivist curriculum on in-class physical activity. Caloric expenditure in metabolic equivalents (MET) and vector magnitude count (VM) data from a random sample of 41 constructivist lessons were compared with those from a random sample of 35 nonconstructivist lessons. Statistical analyses revealed that students in both curriculum conditions were active at a similarly low-moderate level (MET = 2.6 for experimental, 2.5 for comparison, p = .30). Differences (p < .05) were found between the three units within the constructivist curriculum. The findings suggest that the constructivist approach may facilitate knowledge learning with little risk of reducing in-class physical activity.     

汉语称谓语的语用功能与英译

交际过程中使用的称谓语，除表示对交际对象的直接称呼或他称称谓外，还往往蕴含着亲呢、警告、威胁、戏谐或讽刺等言外之意，或表示尊敬、提出请求、传达喜恶等话中之情。因此，称谓语的翻译必须准确反映被称谓者的身份，表达称谓者的情感，传达称谓者的语气和原语称谓的语体风格。     

浅析电子政务

电子政务不同于办公自动化,它是未来政府在信息时代的新型工作模式,是政务活动的全面电子化和网络化。是一个技术密集、资金密集的庞大系统工程。