用新的理念统领读者服务

读者服务是图书馆一切工作的核心,是图书馆赖以生存和发展的基础,因而服务质量好坏应由服务对象———读者来评判。该文从华中科技大学图书馆的实际出发,论述了该馆近几年在提高读者服务质量方面所作的一些有效探索。     

K-ABC content bias: Comparisons between Mexican American and White children

Content (item) bias on the Mental Processing Scales and the Achievement Scale of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) was investigated with 100 Mexican American and 100 White fifth- and sixth-grade boys and girls. All children were English-speaking and from similar socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. An item-group (partial correlation) method that controlled for age, sex, and ability was used to examine bias. On the Mental Processing Scales, 17 (14%) of 120 items were found to be biased—the strong majority against the Mexican American children. On the Achievement Scale, it was observed that 58 (63%) of 92 K-ABC items were biased—all against the Mexican American sample. This latter finding is discussed in the context of possible differences in learning opportunities (language based, SES based, and school segregation) experienced by the two ethnic groups.     

Discrepancies between IQ and index scores for a clinical sample of students: Useful diagnostic indicators?

Discrepancies between IQ and Index scores on the WISC-111 were investigated for a sample of students with SLD (n = 202), with MR (n = 115), and evaluated but not classified (n=159). Mean Verbal and Performance IQ discrepancies, though significantly different for each sample, were smaller than those reported in the WISC-III manual for the normative sample. Similarly, the Index score comparisons indicated differential functioning for the three samples, with the exception of the Verbal Comprehension and Freedom from Distractibility Index discrepancy. Moreover, the Performance IQ was higher than the Verbal IQ for all three samples. Consistent with the WISC-R literature, discrepancies between Verbal and Performance IQs and higher Performance than Verbal IQs are not diagnostic indicators of abnormalities.     

论高等学历信号的有效性

高等学历信号的有效性是指高等学历信号能否对能力不同的人进行有效甄别,而高等教育体制会对高等学历信号的有效性产生重要的影响。中国目前的高等教育体制使高等学历信号失效,失效后的高等学历信号对劳动力就业市场、对社会生产率、对个人的选择及对高等教育本身都产生了极为深远的影响。     

高等职业教育实践性学习:背景与特征

传统的学科理论学习方式不能适应高等职业教育的需要,能力本位的理念和发达国家的改革经验从必要性和可能性的二个方面为实践性学习的建立提供了依据。实践性学习是一个完整的体系,具有目标、内容、方式、评价等主要方面的特征。     

百年"标本唐"

源起福州偶然机缘创家业 唐氏家族事业的开端,可以说与其他许多源远流长的传统家庭是一样的,那些祖先事迹的开始往往与某些偶然的机缘密不可分.有所不同的是,在那样一个处在封建没落时代的东方国度里,他们的工作却意外地与当时属于先进的生物科学联系在一起.     

对完善高等学校教学水平评估体系的思考——基于高等教育质量观的视角

实现高等教育大众化的途径是高等教育多样化,多样化包括教学质量的多样化,但是高等教育的多样化并不否认作为高等教育质量要求的宏观统一性.本文首先从高等教育质量的界定出发,回顾了其内涵的演进过程.由于高等学校教学水平评估对保障高等教育质量起着最基本的作用,所以完善高等学校教学水平评估体系就显得非常重要,作者在具体分析了评估工作存在的问题之后提出了相应的对策.     

Analyzing and Selecting Instructional Strategies and Tactics

“Formulation of instructional strategy to match subject matter and learner requirements” is an integral part of most instructional design models (Andrews & Goodson, 1980, p.5). Yet the meaning and purpose of instructional strategies in these design models vary considerably. An instructional strategy in traditional design models usually refers to the selection of instructional delivery vehicles (e.g., lecture, demonstration, computer-assisted instruction) and support activities (e.g., practice exercises, tutoring) (cf. Tracey, Flynn, <& Legere, 1970). Contrast those conceptions with the many instructional strategies described in elaboration theory (Reigeluth & Stein, 1983), such as sub-sumptive sequencing, internally consistent orienting structures, synthesizers, summarizers, and cognitive strategy activators. What is obvious from these disparate conceptions is that instructional designers do not share a consistent definition of instructional strategies. Many of the activities that are referred to as instructional strategies are not in fact strategies, but rather are presentation vehicles. In this article, we first define instructional strategies and tactics in the context of an iterative design model. Instructional strategies are then distinguished from instructional tactics, which are the implementation of strategies. We then list the range of instructional strategies and tactics that implement them. Finally, we provide a decision tree for assisting designers to select appropriate instructional tactics.     

WISC-R examiner errors: Cause for concern

While errors on the WISC-R are conceived primarily in terms of internal consistency and stability over time, examiners make mistakes that contribute to the inaccuracy of test scores. Studies to date mainly have investigated general scoring errors, rather than specific items most prone to error. Investigation of graduate students' test protocols indicated numerous scoring and mechanical errors that influenced the Full Scale IQ scores on two-thirds of the protocols. Particularly prone to error were Verbal subtests of Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Similarities. More importantly, specific items on subtests in which numerous mistakes occurred were noted, as well as the most likely type of error for each item. These findings have implications for the education and training of assessment specialists.