Copyright information queries in the health sciences: trends and implications from the Ohio State University

Objective:

This paper presents the results of data gathered on copyright questions asked at an academic health sciences library.

Methods:

Collected data include questioner''s status or discipline, the subject of the questions, the types of activities that the questioners were engaged in, the communication mode, and the length of time it took to answer the questions.

Results:

Overall results showed most questions were about permissions. Staff asked the most questions, followed by faculty and students.

Conclusions:

Copyright education is needed at universities, and further analysis of queries will determine the direction of the education.     

Determinants of the Web accessibility of European banks

This paper aims at identifying the factors influencing the implementation of Web accessibility (WA) by European banks. We studied a database made up of 49 European banks whose shares are included in the Dow Jones EURO STOXX® TMI Banks [8300] Index. Regarding the factors for the implementation, we considered three feasible reasons. Firstly, WA adoption can be motivated by operational factors, as WA can aid in increasing operational efficiency. Secondly, we expect large banks to have higher WA levels, as small firms face competitive disadvantages with regard to technology adoption. Lastly, WA can also be understood as a part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy, so, the more committed a bank is to CSR, the more prone it will be to implement WA. Our results indicate that neither the operational factors nor the firm size seem to have exerted a significant influence on WA adoption. Regarding CSR commitment, results indicate a significant influence on WA adoption. However, the effect of the influence is contrary to that hypothesized, since more CSR-committed banks have less accessible Web sites. A possible reason for this result is that banks not included in the CSR indexes try to overcome this drawback by engaging in alternative CSR activities such as WA.     

Rapid microfluidic solid-phase extraction system for hyper-methylated DNA enrichment and epigenetic analysis

Genetic sequence and hyper-methylation profile information from the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes are important for cancer disease investigation. Since hyper-methylated DNA (hm-DNA) is typically present in ultra-low concentrations in biological samples, such as stool, urine, and saliva, sample enrichment and amplification is typically required before detection. We present a rapid microfluidic solid phase extraction (μSPE) system for the capture and elution of low concentrations of hm-DNA (≤1 ng ml⁻¹), based on a protein-DNA capture surface, into small volumes using a passive microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platform. All assay steps have been qualitatively characterized using a real-time surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, and quantitatively characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy. The hm-DNA capture/elution process requires less than 5 min with an efficiency of 71% using a 25 μl elution volume and 92% efficiency using a 100 μl elution volume.     

Measuring creativity: A case study in the UK's Designer Fashion sector

Since before the 1997 General Election, New Labour has repeatedly emphasized the importance of the creative industries in underpinning the national economy and as an engine of economic growth. The Creative Industries Task Force Mapping Documents of 1998 and 2001 sought to define and quantify in broad terms economic activity across 13 distinct creative industries. More detailed estimates have been published by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) in successive annual Creative Industries Economic Estimates.

An assessment is provided of the way in which the creative industries have been measured using the Office of National Statistics' Standard Industrial and Standard Occupational classifications (SIC and SOC). These classifications have themselves been revised since the early 1990s, and further revisions are in prospect from 2007. In this analysis particular focus is given to the ‘Designer Fashion’ sector, illustrated by a number of tables and data analyses.

These actual and proposed revisions have helped in documenting the rapidly emerging creative industries, which have reportedly grown at two to three times the rate of the UK economy as a whole. However, as the Regional Culture Data Framework published in 2002 records, serious problems remain in providing valid assessments of the creative industries sectors from ‘official’ published sources, even for the UK as a whole, let alone at the regional level emphasized by the Regional Culture Data Framework's regional sponsors. In any case, often the ‘scaling factors’ applied to official SIC codes to define creative industries appear arbitrary.

Many of the Regional Culture Data Framework's recommendations, notably the adoption of a more comprehensive ‘supply-chain’ approach to documenting the cultural sector, make further demands upon the existing official structural classifications and the data bases underpinning them. Even where all elements in the ‘supply chain’ are well documented, there are still questions about the validity of this approach. For example, should wholesale and retail distribution of creative industry products be regarded as part of the ‘Cultural Cycle’?

In conclusion, it is suggested that the ‘official’ data has marked limitations in documenting the creative industries and does not realistically or adequately capture the more interesting and dynamic elements of an industry like ‘Designer Fashion’. This is disappointing in a context where central government has placed increasing emphasis upon evidence-based policy to support the development of the creative industries, and where the British ‘Designer Fashion’ sector has lamented the lack of central support in comparison with the French or Italian industries. It is suggested that a more customized approach to collecting data about the creative industries is needed if the results are to usefully inform the further development and profile of these sectors.     

面向过程的创新资源集成模式研究

企业作为创新的传统主体一直受到学界和业界的重视和实践,而作为创新动力重要源泉的消费者的作用同样不容忽视,其活跃的思维方式、独特的视角在一定使能技术支持下,在产品创新过程中同样大有作为.如何将传统的企业创新资源与消费者这两种创新资源有机地集成在一起是一个现实的问题.以创新的过程作为切入点,根据创新不同阶段的特征以及对创新能力的需求,探讨了企业、消费者这两种创新资源的能力特征以及参与创新活动的形式.为实现资源的动态整合,提出了一种立体集成模式,从创新活动形式、资源主体以及创新阶段三个维度探讨了面向创新过程的资源集成方式.     

组织人力资本视角下中小企业核心竞争力研究

进入知识经济时代,企业的发展将主要依靠知识和人才,而不是仅仅依靠物质资本,特别是对于中小企业而言,要在激烈的竞争中生存和发展就必须拥有人力资本方面的竞争优势.人力资本从形式上可以分为个体人力资本和组织人力资本.从组织人力资本的角度出发,重点分析了组织人力资本对企业核心力的影响,提出建立以组织人力资本为导向的核心力的对策.     

图书情报学研究生课程设置的调研与实践(Ⅱ)

以美国7所大学图书信息管理学院和中国10所大学图情院系的课程设置为调研对象,通过对调研结果的比较分析,借鉴国内外经验,结合本单位教学资源,确定了课程调整基本原则,形成了较为优化的课程设置框架。同时,对培养目标和研究方向进行了简要阐述。     

Determinants of bone mineral density in patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis – a cross-sectional,longitudinal study

Introduction:

The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers of alteration in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients on haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Materials and methods:

In a cross-sectional, longitudinal study dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed in 146 HD-patients and 28 PD-patients. Follow-up after 14 months (mean) was conducted in 73 patients. As potential biomarkers we investigated parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxy vitamin-D, ionised calcium, albumin, phosphate, and total alkaline phosphatases (t-ALP).

Results:

Both groups of dialysis patients had lower BMD in the femoral neck (BMD_neck) (P < 0.001) and forearm (BMD_forearm) (P < 0.001) compared to healthy controls, but comparable BMD in the lumbar spine (BMD_spine). BMD did not differ between dialysis types, but patients ever-treated with glucocorticoids had significantly lower BMD, while patients with polycystic kidney disease had higher BMD. BMD correlated with body weight, actual age, age at initiation of dialysis, duration of dialysis and levels of PTH and t-ALP. However, t-ALP only remained associated with low BMD_spine after adjusting for other factors (P = 0.001). In the follow-up study all patients had decreased BMD in all three locations, but only for the lumbar spine there was a significant association between BMD and the bone markers t-ALP (P = 0.009) and PTH (P = 0.013).

Conclusions:

Both HD and PD patients have low BMD, and increased concentrations of t-ALP is associated BMD_spine after adjustment, while PTH and t-ALP is associated with decrease in BMD_spine over time. This substantiates the use of these biomarkers in both types of dialysis patients.     

论竞技体育社会评价的内容

以体育社会学理论为基础 ,借鉴已有的社会评价方法 ,确定了竞技体育的资源配置、发展指标、管理体制、社会功能等为评价内容 ,初步构建出竞技体育社会评价内容的理论框架。