基于熵与自组织理论的突发事件分析模型

从系统科学的角度看,突发事件发生的原理实际上是各种社会能量因子尤其是负性能量因子无序涨落发生系统紊乱的结果,这一原理能够很好地解释SARS事件的发展过程。本文根据熵与自组织思想进行的深度研究,揭示了突发事件发生的熵增与负熵流矛盾运动规律,并根据这一规律构建了突发事件前后的熵与自组织运动模型,深化了对突发事件发生机理的认识。     

“疯狂“郁金香

1562年,当第一车郁金香从君士坦丁堡运抵安特卫普时,这种阔叶的草本植物被认为具有重要的“传播知识和观赏艺术“的价值.不久,欣赏和栽培郁金香成为时尚,并演变为投资风潮.稀有品种的花价没完没了地攀升,一枝郁金香花茎甚至可换得一辆崭新的马车、两匹骏马和一套马鞍.……     

Community outreach library services in the UK: a case study of Wirral Hospital NHS Trust (WHNT)

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study evaluates the Community Outreach Library Service at Wirral Hospital National Health Service Trust (WHNT). It considers the information seeking behaviour and information needs of primary care staff, and service effectiveness in meeting those needs. METHODS: A literature review established the current context and areas of best practice. The investigative case study used postal questionnaires to 250 primary care staff and an interview with the Community Outreach Librarian. FINDINGS: Themes emerged from the literature regarding information seeking behaviour, information needs, and meeting user needs through effective service delivery. Outreach services have value in terms of improving information skills and providing services at point of need. Time is a major constraint for both users and service providers. CONCLUSIONS: Investment is needed from appropriate funding sources to support the provision and marketing of outreach library services. Librarians benefit from sharing best practice. The continued evaluation of outreach library services is recommended.     

User library service expectations in health science vs. other settings: a LibQUAL+ Study

Objectives: To explore how the library service expectations and perceptions of users might differ across health‐related libraries as against major research libraries not operating in a medical context; to determine whether users of medical libraries demand better library service quality, because the inability of users to access needed literature promptly may lead to a patient who cannot be properly diagnosed, or a diagnosis that cannot be properly treated. Methodology: We compared LibQUAL+® total and subscale scores across three groups of US, Canadian and British libraries for this purpose. Results: Anticipated differences in expectations for health as other library settings did not emerge. Conclusions: The expectations and perceptions are similar across different types of health science library settings, hospital and academic, and across other general research libraries.     

信息通信技术用户的类型

1调查结果概要 ·8％的美国人是参与性网络及移动设备的深度使用者。 ·另外23％的美国人是务实技术的接受者——他们使用高科技工具紧跟社会网络并有效率的工作。     

培养学生“模型与解释”的能力——大象版小学《科学》五年级上册教材解析

达尔文曾经说过：“最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识。”注重方法的知识,是大象版小学《科学》教材的一大改进。教材把科学探究能力培养作为主线,重视探究过程能力的培养和训练,重视科学探究方法的运用,根据学生认知特点,把3-6年级学生认知能力的培养目标确定为“感知科学”、“走进科学”、“探索科学”、“科学探究”;     

The transition from fingerspelling to English print: facilitating English decoding

Fingerspelling is an integral part of American Sign Language (ASL) and it is also an important aspect of becoming bilingual in English and ASL. Even though fingerspelling is based on English orthography, the development of fingerspelling does not parallel the development of reading in hearing children. Research reveals that deaf children may initially treat fingerspelled words as lexical items rather than a series of letters that represent English orthography and only later begin to learn to link handshapes to English graphemes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a training method that uses fingerspelling and phonological patterns that resemble those found in lexicalized fingerspelling to teach deaf students unknown English vocabulary would increase their ability to learn the fingerspelled and orthographic version of a word. There were 21 deaf students (aged 4-14 years) who participated. Results show that students were better able to recognize and write the printed English word as well as fingerspell the word, when training incorporated fingerspelling that is more lexicalized. The discussion focuses on the degree to which fingerspelling can serve as a visual phonological bridge as an aid to decode English print.     

Commentary: the coalition for improving maternity services:

A consumer advocate, two childbirth educators, and a certified nurse-midwife each provide commentary on the effectiveness of and potential uses for the Evidence Basis for the Ten Steps of Mother-Friendly Care.     

音乐教学中，应如何培养学生的审美能力

音乐教学是审美教育的一种方式和手段,是学生获得音乐审美感受和体验的客观条件。具有审美性质的音乐教育,目的不在于传授音乐知识和培养音乐技艺,而多从音乐欣赏、表现、表演来实践。这样可充分调动学生的主体性,有效的激发他们对音乐乃至人生的热情,体验到超越自我、追求美好的快乐。所以,在音乐教学中对学生审美能力的培养是很重要的。那么,如何在音乐教学中体现其审美的意义,如何在音乐教学中培养学生的审美能力？这是我们音乐教学工作者必须关注的问题。