举重创破世界纪录的历史探索

全面审视了１９９３年以前有关国家和地区创破世界纪录的历史情况，统计出以下数据：有４２个国家和地区的选手２１５２次打破成年男子世界纪录，２３个国家和地区的选手８１３次打破男子青年世界纪录，１１个国家和地区的选手２９８次打破女子世界纪录；其中，中国选手４９次打破成年男子世界纪录，３１次打破青年男子纪录，２２１次打破女子世界纪录；指出了国际举联承认世界纪录存在的局限（以是否会员国作为承认纪录的先决条件，创破纪录的有关规定不够完善），分析了申报世界纪录过程中存在的失误（信息不灵，申报不及时或失误，不具备创破纪录条件），得出了有关定量结论并提出了建议。     

л·康德娜季耶娃的起跑技术

在奥运会的预赛中,康德娜季耶娃战胜了哈格吕德(瑞典)、X·汉特(英国),并跑出了11″13的好成绩。康德娜季耶娃的起跑有什么样的特点呢? 在《预备》口令后,运动员采用“中间式”安装起跑器的方法,肩很容易过起跑线,身体重量均匀地分布在手臂和腿上。运动员的头放松低下,目视跑道,这表示颈部肌肉处于放松的位置。这在起跑的技术中,是一个重要的因素。因为,颈部肌肉紧张,通常将引起起跑后的第一步     

The stress of travel

International travel is an essential part of the life of elite athletes, both for competition and training. It is also becoming increasingly common among recreational sportspersons. Long-distance travel is associated with a group of transient negative effects, collectively referred to as 'travel fatigue', which result from anxiety about the journey, the change to an individual's daily routine, and dehydration due to time spent in the dry air of the aircraft cabin. Travel fatigue lasts for only a day or so, but for those who fly across several time zones, there are also the longer-lasting difficulties associated with 'jet lag'. The problems of jet lag can last for over a week if the flight crosses 10 time zones or more, and they can reduce performance and the motivation to train effectively. Knowledge of the properties of the body clock enables the cause of the difficulties to be understood (an unadjusted body clock), and forms the basis of using light in the new time zone to promote adjustment of the body clock. Sleep loss and its effects are important components of jet lag, and attempts to promote sleep by the use of melatonin and other hypnotics are also relevant. Sleep loss is also found in those who undertake challenges that involve long periods where the normal consolidated sleep of 8 h length is not possible. Advice on sleep regimens in such circumstances is given.     

提高助跑的准确性

我们的跳远和三级跳远运动员年年都提高了运动成绩,从而走在世界优秀运动员的最前列.但是,他们迄今仍然存在着助跑准确性差这一缺点.捷尔——奥尔涅祥和戈利稚夫在去年的比赛季节中,脚踏板过线的错误占全部跳跃的30-50%.费多谢耶夫和加列也尔也常犯踏板过线或过早起跳的错误.利稚霍夫斯基当助跑不准确时,就会降低成绩20——30厘米.在最优秀运动员当中,助跑较准确的一些的,只有沙波鲁谱娅和波达连柯两人.至于其余的许多运动员的助跑也往往缺乏稳定的准确性.对不准确的助跑进行分析的结果表明,在训练实践中,我们没有采用有效的方法,来帮助运动员把动     

少年篮球运动员在准备参加比赛期的训练安排

不断完善少年篮球运动员的训练体系,是广大教练员和科学工作者经常注意的研究课题。多数研究的主要问题有:教学方法;一定的训练方案对身体训练的影响;通过教育观察论证教学方法;等等。也有一些牵涉到少年篮球运动员训练安排的文章,但是为数很少。本文的任务是:研究我们制定的少年     

一个单步的运动学数据

在二十二届奥运会上,新西伯利亚的短跑运动员,教练蒲哈雪夫的学生维克多尔·马尔钦获得了出色的成绩,他不仅在400米和4×400米接力赛中获得两枚金牌,而且创造了新的欧洲纪录一44〃60!看奥林匹克冠军赛的电影镜头(电影镜头是在80年7月30日,在离起跑40—45米处以50格     

运动员的专门力量训练

前言运动员没有高度的专门身体训练水平,要达到现代的优异运动成绩是不可能的.在任何运动专项中运动员都要发挥出该专项特有的肌力,运动员其他各种身体素质和运动能力的发展和发挥也将取决于     

Postcontraction influences on reaction time

The purpose of this study was to compare reaction time (RT) and fractionated RT components (premotor and motor times) between normal and postcontraction conditions. Twelve participants performed 20 trials each of control and postcontraction RT conditions. For the control condition, participants executed a learned, rapid, knee-extension contraction response to an auditory stimulus. The postcontraction condition was identical to the control condition except that the participants performed a 3-s isometric contraction of the knee extensor muscles prior to an auditory stimulus. Muscle activity was recorded from the quadriceps muscle group. Results indicated that the postcontraction condition was significantly faster than the control condition for the average RT, premotor time, and motor time. It was concluded that reaction time, processing time, and muscle contraction time for a learned task could be significantly reduced following an isometric contraction.     

Interaction of wrestling shoe and competition surface: effects on coefficient of friction with implications for injury

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference in the co-efficient of friction (Fc) between old versus new wrestling shoes and mats and to investigate the effect of perspiration. Fc was measured by dragging a weighted shoe over a wrestling mat surface and measuring the vertical and horizontal forces produced. Three different shoe conditions were assessed over two mat types for both wet and dry conditions for a total of 12 conditions. To simulate the wet condition, saline solution was smeared over the surface of the mat. There was a significant effect of shoe, mat, and wet/dry conditions. In addition, significant interactions of shoe by mat, shoe by dry/wet, and mat by dry/wet were observed. Overall, Fc was 36% higher for the new wrestling mat compared to the old wrestling mat. Application of the saline solution reduced Fc by 14% compared to the dry condition. Comparison of the mean Fc for all three shoe types revealed the Fc for the older design shoe was 23% to 28% lower than the brand new shoe and the worn newer design, respectively. A high Fc, such as in the new mat/new shoe combination, has the potential to increase the risk of knee and ankle injuries by fixing the foot more securely to the ground.