PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF LANTHANUM DOPING TiO_2

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｖｅｒｔｈｅｐａｓｔ 1 0ｙｅａｒｓ,ｔｈｅｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒＴｉＯ2 ａｓａｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｐｈｏｔｏｃａｔａｌｙｓｔｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｉｔｓｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｓｕｎｄｅｒｐｈｏｔｏｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｒｅｄｏｘｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｎｄｍａｎｙｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａ ｔｉｏｎｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｓｏｌａｒｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ…     

Building Algebra Testlets: A Comparison of Hierarchical and Linear Structures

Earlier (Wainer & Lewis, 1990), we reported the initial development of a testlet-based algebra test. In this account, we provide the details of this excursion into the use of testlets. A pretest of two 15–item algebra tests was carried out in which examinees' performance on a 4-item subset of each test (a 4–item testlet) was used to predict performance on the entire test. Two models for constructing the testlets were considered: hierarchical (adaptive) and linear (fixed format). These models are compared with each other. It was found on cross–validation that, although an adaptive testlet is superior to a fixed format testlet, this superiority is modest, whereas the potential cost of that superiority is considerable. It was concluded that in circumstances similar to those we report a fixed format testlet that uses the best items in a pool can do almost as well as the optimal adaptive testlet of equal length from that same pool.     

Three-dimensional transient numerical simulation for intake process in the engine intake port-valve-cylinder system

INTRODUCTIONTheinternalcombustionengineisthemostwidelyusedpowermachineryinmodernsociety ,butisalsooneofthebiggestenvironmentalpol lutantsources.Tomeetmoreandmorestringentemissionrequirements,manyadvancedtech niques,suchastheleanburntechnique ,multi valvet…     

Virtual local target method for avoiding local minimum in potential field based robot navigation

INTRODUCTIONAutonomousnavigationisoneofthemostimportanttopicsinthemobilerobotareaandcanbecategorizedintotwoparts:reactivenavigation(Haddadetal.,1998)andpathplanning.Thefirstoneislocalpathplanningbasedandthesecondoneplansapathintheglobalworkspace .Localpat…     

Dynamic balancing of dual-rotor system with very little rotating speed difference

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｙｐｉｃａｌｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｊｅｔｅｎ ｇｉｎｅｓ,ｇａｓｔｕｒｂｉｎｅｓ,ｌａｔｈｅｓ,ｃｅｎｔｒｉｆｕｇｅｓａｎｄｏｔｈ ｅｒｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ,ｏｎｅｗａｙｔｏｄｅ     

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SERIES HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER

ＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｏｃｏｐｅｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｈａｒ ｍｏｎｉｃｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｍａｉｎｌｙｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｐｏｗｅｒｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｏｎｉｃｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ,ｖａｒｉｏｕｓｋｉｎｄｓｏｆａｃｔｉｖｅｆｉｌｔｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄａｎｄｐｕｔｉｎｔｏｆｉｅｌｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ(Ａｋａｇｉ,1 996;Ｃｈｅｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 996;Ｂｈａｔｔａ ｃｈａｒｙａ,ｅｔａｌ.,1 995) .Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ ,ａｓｅｒｉａｌｈｙｂｒｉｄａｃｔｉｖｅｐｏｗｅｒｆｉｌｔｅｒ (Ｓ…     

Clinical importance of parent ratings of everyday cognitive abilities in children with learning and attention problems

This study addressed two issues: first, whether parental reports contribute information over and above a standardized psychometric assessment, and second, whether parental reports of everyday cognitive functioning might be useful in distinguishing between children with reading disabilities (RD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and combined ADHD + RD. Parent-reported information on 159 children with learning or attention problems was obtained using a questionnaire called the Parent Ratings of Everyday Cognitive and Academic Abilities (PRECAA). Psychometric information used for comparison included the Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery-Revised, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form, the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition, and the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. The PRECAA was found to be sensitive to group differences between children with RD and children with ADHD and combined ADHD + RD. Its inclusion resulted in a significant increase in the number of children correctly classified compared to the use of psychometric measures alone. The PRECAA correctly classified more children (66%) than did the standard psychometric measures (50%). In fact, a very high percentage of children with ADHD (81%) were correctly classified using the PRECAA. These findings suggest that the PRECAA may be a useful aid to clinicians in the identification of children with learning and attention problems.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of herbicide resistance in creeping bentgrass and colonial bentgrass

INTRODUCTIONCreepingbentgrass (AgrostispalustrisHuds.)isanoutstandingcool seasonspeciesavailableforuseongolfcourseputtinggreens,tees,andcloselymowedfairways.Althoughco lonialbentgrass (AgrostistenuisSibth .Fl.Ox en .)isnotwelladaptedtotheverylowmowingheig…     

Children's Understanding of the Meaning and Functions of Verbal Irony

We investigated children's understanding of irony and sensitivity to irony's meanness and humor. In Study 1, 89 participants (5–6-year-olds, 8–9-year-olds, adults) heard ironic and literal criticisms, and literal compliments. Comprehension of irony emerged between 5 and 6 years of age. Ratings of humor increased with age; ratings of meanness did not (showing that all ages perceived irony as more muted than literal criticism). In Study 2, results from 135 participants (6–7-year-olds, 8–9-year-olds, and adults) replicated these findings and revealed the role of form and intonation. Thus, comprehension of irony emerges between 5 and 6 years of age, and sensitivity to the muting function develops prior to sensitivity to the humor function.