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Analysis of the urban/rural broadband divide in Canada: Using GIS in planning terrestrial wireless deployment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M. Sawada Daniel Cossette Barry Wellar Tolga Kurt 《Government Information Quarterly》2006,23(3-4):454
Millions of Canadians residing in Canada's northern, isolated, rural, and remote communities do not have broadband Internet access. This situation has led to a national “broadband divide.” That is, the deployment of wireline broadband is very limited in Canada's northern, isolated, rural, and remote areas because of the significant expense of installation and maintenance of the wired infrastructure needed to reach dwellings in these locations.Terrestrial broadband wireless technology, on the other hand, does not entail the same kind of physical infrastructure. As a result, there are dramatic changes in how spatial considerations affect the provision of broadband Internet services (BIS) to areas beyond the urban zone. In particular, the spatial question is now focused on assessing the capacity for different technological solutions to reach profitable population bases, and brings to the forefront organizations that are developing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) technologies that would permit wireless Internet access over much greater distances than current solutions.We begin this paper by establishing the importance of broadband connectivity to Canada's northern, isolated, rural, and remote communities. This discussion comments on the role of the Government of Canada in the provision of broadband connectivity to residents of these communities, and outlines the current regulatory issues that govern wireless services and policy formulation.The second part of the paper illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) approaches in the study of wireless broadband planning and deployment. Case study findings suggest that GIS applications can make a significant contribution to the analysis of wireless deployment planning, to the understanding of the relationships between wireless signal sources and consumers, and to the spatial configuration of terrestrial wireless broadband networks. We conclude the paper by discussing how the GIS approach employed could be used to inform the public policy process with regard to increasing access to broadband Internet services in all regions of the country, and thereby providing the opportunity for all Canadians, regardless of location, to fully participate in the Information Society. 相似文献
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Anonymous personalization in collaborative web search 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present an innovative approach to Web search, called collaborative search, that seeks to cope with the type of vague queries that are commonplace in Web search. We do this by leveraging the search
behaviour of previous searchers to personalize future result-lists according to the implied preferences of a community of
like-minded individuals. This technique is implemented in the I-SPY meta-search engine and we present the results of a live-user
trial which indicates that I-SPY can offer improved search performance when compared to a benchmark search engine, across
a variety of performance metrics. In addition, I-SPY achieves its level of personalization while preserving the anonymity
of individual users, and we argue that this offers unique privacy benefits compared to alternative approaches to personalization. 相似文献
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Toyo Yoshizaki 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2004,19(4):31-36
Summary Now more than ever good translations are proving to be vitally important to fulfilling Shoichi Noma’s mission of advancing
good relationships between cultures. With the emergence of dozens of world-class Japanese writers, the translators of Japanese
literature have acquired a new significance and a new importance. No longer are they required to simply handle the language
like an exotic and precious commodity but they must prepare a writer’s work to compete with literature from around the globe
and let others understand the issues at their very heart of the Japanese people.
Indeed, the selection committee’s choice of Murakami’s Wind-Up Bird Chronicle is an apt example of how literature at its very best can span cultural divides to promote mutual understanding of very complicated
and important world issues. Written for Japanese to help them understand the devastation of war, it is a rare and timely book
that confronts Japan’s experience head on. Ironically, Noma’s idea that books are silent ambassadors, an idea born from agony
and defeat, so many years later is helping the world come together towards a unified vision of peace and understanding.
“Literature has been described as a means of exchange between the hearts of people. Literary translation, then, is the building
of bridges so that all peoples of the world can interact in this way.”
Ye Weiqu, Chinese Institute of Social Studies. 相似文献
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Question classification systems play an important role in question answering systems and can be used in a wide range of other domains. The goal of question classification is to accurately assign labels to questions based on expected answer type. Most approaches in the past have relied on matching questions against hand-crafted rules. However, rules require laborious effort to create and often suffer from being too specific. Statistical question classification methods overcome these issues by employing machine learning techniques. We empirically show that a statistical approach is robust and achieves good performance on three diverse data sets with little or no hand tuning. Furthermore, we examine the role different syntactic and semantic features have on performance. We find that semantic features tend to increase performance more than purely syntactic features. Finally, we analyze common causes of misclassification error and provide insight into ways they may be overcome. 相似文献