创新、相互依存与公平参与--在线学习知识建构过程分析

知识建构领域研究者认为知识建构不仅包括个体的知识获得,更强调共同学习者的知识细化、知识创新和知识发展,并提出知识建构中关于观念、社区和手段的十二条原则。为了对混合式灵活课程( HyFlex)中在线学习的知识建构过程进行分析,研究小组根据知识建构的基本观点和原则,建立了在线学习对话分类表,从观念改进、公共知识发展和资源应用三个维度对在线对话过程和内容进行分析。通过分析四门课程每次教学的视频记录、文本聊天记录和语音对话记录,本研究根据对话发出方、接收方和对话类型形成对话交互矩阵,然后结合对话矩阵及内容分析,形成在线知识建构过程中质性资料的量化统计数据、内容分析数据和社会网络分析参数等。基于这些数据对观念改进、公共知识发展和资源应用三个维度分析的结果显示,在线学习成员能积极主动地承担公共知识建构的集体责任,用“回答问题”及“反馈和评论”方式促进社区的知识发展;彼此间平等对话,呈现开放均衡的交互形态,相互依存地进行学习;开展的对话平等而有效,所有成员在其中发展自身的观点,实现了知识创新;积极分享资源,并建议和分享应用的经验和方法,促进了实践中建构性地利用资源。可见,创新、相互依存和公平参与在本研究中所分析的在线知识建构中得以实现,并成为其鲜明的特色。     

Loquacity and quantity of constructs as predictors of social perspective‐taking

Over the past decade, considerable attention has been devoted to cognitive complexity in the human communication literature. However, the extent to which loquacity, or simple amount of verbal response to stimuli, rather than cognitive processes, has been measured by indices supposed to measure complexity is questionable. One issue that emerges from this controversy concerns whether partialing out the variance in variables, such as social perspective‐taking, due to loquacity would lead to a low amount of shared variance between complexity and such variables. In the present study, cognitive complexity scores based on the Role Category Questionnaire correlated significantly with social perspective‐taking scores. However, the results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that cognitive complexity scores did not contribute significantly to the prediction when loquacity was entered as the first variable in the equation.     

Received

Traditionally, heckling has been treated as merely a form of distraction. In this study, accentuation theory was used to predict differential effects of heckling on speaker credibility and attitude change depending on whether the audience identified with the heckler or the speaker. The results indicate that when the audience identifies with the heckler, speaker credibility and attitude change are attenuated. Furthermore, when the audience identifies with the speaker, speaker credibility and attitude change are increased. These findings support the accentuation formulation of heckling.     

Examining the influence of other-efficacy and self-efficacy on personal performance

This research examined the relative effects of other-efficacy and self-efficacy beliefs in relation to individual performance within a cooperative dyadic setting. Pairs of female participants (M(age) = 20.08, SD = 1.93) performed three practice trials on a dyadic dance-based videogame. Other-efficacy and self-efficacy beliefs were then manipulated through the provision of bogus feedback regarding each pair member's coordination abilities. Following the administration of this feedback, pairs performed a final trial on this dance-based task. The results revealed a main effect for other-efficacy, such that participants in the enhanced other-efficacy conditions outperformed those in the inhibited other-efficacy conditions on this task. A main effect for self-efficacy was not observed. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an interaction between other-efficacy and self-efficacy. The results of this study suggest that other-efficacy may supersede the effects of self-efficacy in supporting personal performance within cooperative relational contexts.