通识教育:我国大学教育的必然趋势

通识教育源于亚里士多德提出的自由教育，强调发展人的理性、心智以探究真理。在大学教育里，它起初是指大学课程里的共同部分，即必修课程；随着社会的发展，它成为和专业教育相对应的概念。大学教育高度专业化的弊端和缺陷为越来越多的人所认识，而通识教育对于培养全面发展的人和创新型人才都有十分重要的作用，因此，充实和完善我国的通识教育显得尤为必要和重要。     

基于音素的话者特定英语命令识别

1　Introduction　Sincethe 195 0s ,speechrecognitiontechnologies ,bothspeaker dependentandspeaker independent ,withsmallorlargevocabulary ,andusingisolatedorconnectedwords,orcontinuousspeech ,havedevel opedandbeenwidelyapplied .Recentlyithasbecomeadominanttechnologyforhuman machineinterface .Speechrecognitionisbasicallytreatedasaproblemofpatternmatching .Thegoalistotakeonepattern ,i .e .,thespeechsignal,andclassifyitasasequenceofpreviouslylearnedpatterns ,e.g .,wordsorsubwordunitssuchsphonems[1…     

组合压气机中尾迹与势流同频/异频干涉的叠加特性

为揭示多级压气机中上下游叶轮对中间叶片叠加气动影响特性,阐述不同叠加干涉情况下下游叶轮进气角度变化,采用数值方法模拟了一级轴流和一级离心组成的组合压气机非定常流场。详细讨论了上游动叶尾迹和下游动叶势流对中间导流叶栅段气流非定常流动的异频和同频叠加干涉特性,依据计算结果,直观地展示了静叶通道中两种干涉间相互激励和抑制作用的位置和时间,与数学公式的推导结果相互印证。研究结果表明:当上下游动叶对中间静叶段异频干涉时,干涉的激励、抑制区域的轴向位置随时间发生变化;当上下游动叶对中间静叶干涉频率相同时,干涉的相互激励、抑制区域的轴向位置不随时间发生变化,但干涉的激励、抑制区域的轴向位置受时序位置影响。另外,上游动叶尾迹与下游离心叶轮势流的不同叠加情况,决定着下游离心叶轮进口相对气流角的大小及波动幅值。      

Educational Media and Telecommunications

James W. Brown, ed. Educational Media Yearbook: 1977 (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1977 –$19.95)

Ben Armstrong and M. Lay Vay Sheldon (eds.) Religious Broadcasting Sourcebook (National Religious Broadcasters, Box 2254R, Morristown, N.J. 07960, 1976—price not given, but about $15.00, paper)

Telecommunications Policy (IPC Business Press Ltd., 205 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017– S78.00/year for four quarterly issues)

Person to Person (Washington: Smithsonian Institution National Museum of History and Technology, 1976—$2.00, paper)     

High performance query expansion using adaptive co-training

The quality of feedback documents is crucial to the effectiveness of query expansion (QE) in ad hoc retrieval. Recently, machine learning methods have been adopted to tackle this issue by training classifiers from feedback documents. However, the lack of proper training data has prevented these methods from selecting good feedback documents. In this paper, we propose a new method, called AdapCOT, which applies co-training in an adaptive manner to select feedback documents for boosting QE’s effectiveness. Co-training is an effective technique for classification over limited training data, which is particularly suitable for selecting feedback documents. The proposed AdapCOT method makes use of a small set of training documents, and labels the feedback documents according to their quality through an iterative process. Two exclusive sets of term-based features are selected to train the classifiers. Finally, QE is performed on the labeled positive documents. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed method improves QE’s effectiveness, and outperforms strong baselines on various standard TREC collections.     

Conference communications

Abstract

The objective of this study was to provide anthropometric, physiological, and performance characteristics of an elite international handball team. Twenty-one elite handball players were tested and categorized according to their playing positions (goalkeepers, backs, pivots, and wings). Testing consisted of anthropometric and physiological measures of height, body mass, percentage body fat and endurance ([Vdot]O_2max), performance measures of speed (5, 10, and 30 m), strength (bench press and squat), unilateral and bilateral horizontal jumping ability, and a 5-jump horizontal test. Significant differences were found between player positions for some anthropometric characteristics (height and percentage body fat) but not for the physiological or performance characteristics. Strong correlations were noted between single leg horizontal jumping distances with 5-, 10-, and 30-m sprint times (r = 0.51–0.80; P < 0.01). The best predictors of sprint times were single leg horizontal jumping with the dominant leg and the distance measured for the 5-jump test, which when combined accounted for 72% of the common variance associated with sprint ability. In conclusion, performance abilities between positions in elite team-handball players appear to be very similar. Single leg horizontal jumping distance could be a specific standardized test for predicting sprinting ability in elite handball players.     

Hemispheric Teaching Strategies in the Acquisition and Retention of a Motor Skill

An extreme preference in processing information within either the left or right hemisphere is known as hemisphericity. A previous study investigating hemisphericity as a factor in motor skill learning (Murray, 1979) found that matching subjects' hemisphericity characteristics with hemispherical teaching strategies enhanced skill acquisition. In contrast, our study examined the effects of hemispherical teaching strategies on a group of subjects who did not present hemisphericity. Right-handed male high school students were randomly assigned to either a left hemisphere, right hemisphere, or an interhemispherical teaching condition. Subjects in the right hemisphere and interhemispherical conditions performed and learned the skill more effectively than subjects in the left hemisphere teaching condition. The right hemisphere and interhemispherical groups performed comparably in acquisition; however, the interhemispherical group showed significantly better retention of the skill. Motor skill acquisition and retention for nondominant processors appears best served by directing both verbal and nonverbal attention to the skill.     

CITIZENSHIP AS SHARED FATE: EDUCATION FOR MEMBERSHIP IN A DIVERSE DEMOCRACY

The diversity of contemporary democratic nations challenges scholars and educators to develop forms of education that would both recognize difference and develop a shared foundation for a functioning democracy. In this essay Sigal Ben‐Porath develops the concept of shared fate as a theoretical and practical response to this challenge. Shared fate offers a viable alternative to current forms of citizenship education, one that develops a significant shared dimension while respecting deep differences within a political community. It is grounded in the social and moral realities of civic life, and it seeks to weave the historical, political, and social ties among members of the nation into a form of affiliation that would sustain and expand their shared political project. Some particular educational contexts are considered through the lens of shared fate, including the resegregation of some schooling systems, linguistic diversity, and patriotic education.