顿科娃和奥什克娜特的100米栏技术

这里介绍两位运动员的100米栏技术。一位是顿科娃,她是保加利亚运动员,1961年出生,身高177厘米,体重68公斤。她在 1986年四破100米栏世界纪录,成绩为12″26,并列为当年世界优秀100米栏选手之首。另一位是民主德国运动员奥什克娜特,她生于     

高级肢残游泳运动员的训练问题和前景

运动理论专家的著述揭示了构成优秀运动员训练过程本质和结构的因素和特征。在既定时间内获得高水平运动成绩一直是竞技体育的主导,同时也确立了运动员们训练过程中的具体要求;然而,对于优秀运动员在适应运动的训练加强方面的研究却为数不多。体育科学将"有条件的"的健康人的体能训练确立为优先研究主题由来已久,但却将身体和精神健康疾病的问题归咎于医药、惩教教育学和福利官员。只有参照残疾运动员的功能性能力和病理学原理以具体和适当的方式结合各种训练和康复措施,才有可能在竞技体育中获得理想的身体素质发展、高水平的技术技能及更多的精神力量。本研究旨在揭示有脊髓损伤的优秀游泳运动员的训练原则,而在研究中所发现的有脊髓损伤的优秀游泳运动员的具体训练原则属于本领域常规和特殊问题中的一个小而关键的部分;因此,本项研究的论证和结论将有助于选定深奥的科学和方法论的发展方向,并最终促进和解决残奥会游泳发展的关键问题。     

Family functioning and early learning practices in immigrant homes

Poverty‐related developmental‐risk theories dominate accounts of uneven levels of household functioning and effects on children. But immigrant parents may sustain norms and practices—stemming from heritage culture, selective migration, and social support—that buffer economic exigencies. Comparable levels of social‐emotional functioning in homes of foreign‐born Latino mothers were observed relative to native‐born Whites, despite sharp social‐class disparities, but learning activities were much weaker, drawing on a national sample of mothers with children aging from 9 to 48 months (n = 5,300). Asian‐heritage mothers reported weaker social functioning—greater martial conflict and depression—yet stronger learning practices. Mothers’ migration history, ethnicity, and social support helped to explain levels of functioning, after taking into account multiple indicators of class and poverty.     

Looking on the bright side: children's knowledge about the benefits of positive versus negative thinking

Five- to 10-year-olds (N = 90) listened to 6 illustrated scenarios featuring 2 characters that jointly experience the same positive event (and feel good), negative event (and feel bad), or ambiguous event (and feel okay). Afterward, one character thinks a positive thought and the other thinks a negative thought. Children predicted and explained each character's emotions. Results showed significant development between 5 and 10 years in children's understanding that thinking positively improves emotions and thinking negatively makes one feel worse, with earliest knowledge demonstrated when reasoning about ambiguous and positive events. Individual differences in child and parental optimism and hope predicted children's knowledge about thought-emotion connections on some measures, including their beliefs about the emotional benefits of thinking positively in negative situations.     

Effects of a Tier 2 Supplemental Reading Intervention for At-Risk Fourth Grade Students

This study investigated a Tier 2 intervention in the context of a Response to Intervention (RTI) model for 123 fourth grade students who were identified as having a high probability of reading failure. A randomized control trial was used to evaluate the effects of a 24 session multi-component supplemental intervention targeting fluency and expository comprehension of science texts. Intervention students performed significantly higher on comprehension strategy knowledge and use and science knowledge, but not on word reading, fluency, or other measures of reading comprehension. Moderators of intervention effects were also examined; children at higher risk in the intervention condition appeared to benefit more in comparison to lower probability children in intervention and compared to higher probability children in the control condition.     

永不道别

我那年才10岁,却陡然陷入了极度痛苦之中。因为我即将远离熟悉的家乡。尽管我还年幼,但这短暂的时光中的每时每刻都是在这个古老而庞大的家族中度过的,这里凝聚着四代人的欢乐与苦楚。最后的一天终于来临了。我一个人偷偷地跑到我的避难所——那个带顶棚的游廊,独自悄悄地坐着,身子不断地抽动,伤心的泪水如泉水一般直往外涌。突然间,我感到一只大手在轻轻地抚摸着我的肩膀,抬头一看,原来是爷爷。"不好受吧,比利?"他问道,随后坐在我旁边的石阶上。     

人文主义的兴起

公元1341年4月8日,有着拉丁人名字的拉丁学者彼特拉克（Francesco Petrarca,1304-1374年）获得加冕,拥有桂冠,成为现代世界的第一位桂冠诗人：加冕仪式合乎情理地在罗马举行,它象征着一场一个世纪以前始现于维罗纳（Verona）和帕多瓦（Padua）,人称人文主义（humanism）的学术运动,人文主义者相信个体的人拥有价值与尊严,这一信念依次使之再次发现了古典传统文化：文学、历史、修辞学、伦理学和政治学。彼特拉克描述     

托尼的美国梦

他来自意大利一个石场,在罗马南边的某个地方。他何时、如何到美国的,我不得而知。但一天晚上,我看见他正站在我家车库后面的车道上,大约五英尺七英寸或者八英寸高,瘦瘦的。     

身教言教

阖家三口儿围坐在一张铺着天蓝色桌布的圆桌旁。爸爸在翻阅报纸,妈妈在绣座垫,八岁的维佳在看书。"爸爸,我有个问题弄不清楚,"维佳突然向父亲发问,"请您给我解释一下,怎么有些人会吵嘴的?"