健康战略下的美国公共图书馆服务研究

文章运用网络调查法,结合美国公共图书馆开展健康服务的案例,探讨健康战略下美国公共图书馆扮演的角色和健康服务指南,并从资源导航、健康推广活动、馆员教育、合作网络、资金支持5个维度总结健康服务的实践经验。最后提出我国公共图书馆开展健康服务应建立全面的健康素养教育体系,构建健康信息资源导航,探索可持续性的合作方式,加强馆员专业化培训的建议。     

馆藏特色数字资源众包对图书馆核心能力及组织边界的影响研究

文章以企业能力与组织边界相关研究成果为指导,结合目前已成功实施的部分图书馆众包案例,对馆藏特色数字资源的规划、建设与服务过程展开分析研究。文章认为馆藏特色数字资源众包不仅利于增强图书馆建设数字特藏的能力,也有利于提升馆员专业能力、提高用户满意度、提升图书馆知识服务与创新能力,进而增强图书馆核心能力,不断扩大组织边界。最后文章提出图书馆需重新审视功能定位,确保核心能力与竞争优势,真正服务于知识经济和现代信息社会的建设。     

The videorecord: new mode for learning

The successful delivery of health care involves a commitment to improved communication both with regard to health professionals and the public. The need for innovative educational patterns is implicit in the recommendations of the latest Carnegie Commission Report, Higher Education and the Nation's Health.The new technology of videorecording permits the learner to learn at a time and place of his own choosing. Information is transmitted through the cathode ray tube-a television set-the medium of our time. The videorecord is of significant value in the basic and clinical sciences, in training personnel for allied health professions, and in continuing education. It is thoroughly compatible with the new concept of the open university, an institution without walls.In addition to its unquestioned value in educational programs in the health sciences, the videorecord has major implications for the curriculum in librarianship and for increasing the professional competence of medical librarians and their ancillaries. The medical librarian has a major stake in its imaginative use for overcoming some of the barriers to individual and community health.     

Mechanization of libaray procedures in the medium-sized medical library. VII. Relevancy of cited articles in citation indexing

Science Citation Index is one of a number of indexes based on the assumption that the papers cited by one author refer to work which is relevant to the subject discussed by the author citing them. Cleverdon, however, has questioned that assumption, and it was to test the assumption that this research was undertaken. An attempt was made to determine what percent of articles cited were related to the citing article. The conclusion reached was that in the field of medicine approximately 72 percent of the cited papers were considered related to the original paper by the authors of the original, thus apparently bearing out the assumption for citation indexing.     

ITV Programmes for Schools: any future?

The immediate circumstances of the new Broadcasting Act are discussed. The impact of this legislation on schools broadcasting is then considered in relation to the history of earlier legislation in the UK, and the early responses to the Television Act of 1954. The importance of the personnel involved in television production and their commitment to the values of public service is stressed, and placed against the gloomier forebodings of the pessimists of the past‐‐and of today. The article concludes with the assertion that it is the people in the television industry itself, and the values they hold, that will ensure the continued survival of good schools television.     

Time series analysis of knowledge of results effects during motor skill acquisition

Time series analysis was used to investigate the hypothesis that during acquisition of a motor skill, knowledge of results (KR) information is used to generate a stable internal referent about which response errors are randomly distributed. Sixteen subjects completed 50 acquisition trials of each of three movements whose spatial-temporal characteristics differed. Acquisition trials were either blocked, with each movement being presented in series, or randomized, with the presentation of movements occurring in random order. Analysis of movement time data indicated the contextual interference effect reported in previous studies was replicated in the present experiment. Time series analysis of the acquisition trial data revealed the majority of individual subject response patterns during blocked trials were best described by a model with a temporarily stationary, internal reference of the criterion and systematic, trial-to-trial variation of response errors. During random trial conditions, response patterns were usually best described by a "White-noise" model. This model predicts a permanently stationary, internal reference associated with randomly distributed response errors that are unaffected by KR information. These results are not consistent with previous work using time series analysis to describe motor behavior (Spray & Newell, 1986).     

Journals indexed by the AHA Resource Center for Hospital Literature Index and HEALTH database

The American Hospital Association (AHA) Resource Center indexes journals for the Health Planning and Administration (HEALTH) database and Hospital Literature Index (HLI). These journals, designated special list health journals, are selected to provide access to a wide and balanced coverage of hospital and health care administration and health policy literature. This article provides background information on HEALTH and HLI and describes special list health journals in detail (including historical information, information sources, and broad subject divisions). It also discusses AHA policies relating to journal and article selection and current subject distribution of special list health journals.     

Knowledge bases in medicine: a review

Efforts to represent knowledge effectively have been central to progress in various aspects of medical informatics. These efforts range from relatively simple "electronic textbooks" to fairly sophisticated knowledge-based systems, which function as well as, or even better than, human experts faced with similar problems. Knowledge bases have been developed in many fields, but the relatively limited domains and structured language of medicine, as well as the importance of information in the provision of good medical care, have made research in medical knowledge representation an area of intense activity. This paper reviews representative knowledge bases and knowledge-based systems in medicine: electronic textbooks such as PDQ and the Hepatitis Knowledge Base (HKB), rule-based systems such as MYCIN, causal models (e.g., CASNET), and hypothesis- or frame-based systems, exemplified by PIP and INTERNIST-1. The paper describes the relationships among divergent approaches and provides a sense of current and future trends. It examines problems in knowledge-based systems, particularly in knowledge representation and acquisition, and the responses to these challenges. The latter include the use of domain-independent software shells for constructing knowledge bases, the adaptation and use of previously existing knowledge bases, and multiple uses of the same knowledge base for different purposes.