Development of deaf identity: an ethnographic study

This ethnographic study explores the identity development of 9 deaf participants through the narratives of their educational experiences in either mainstream or special schools for the Deaf. This exploration goes beyond a binary conceptualization of deaf identity that allows for only the medical and social models and proposes a bicultural "dialogue model." This postmodern theoretical framework is used to examine the diversity of identities of deaf learners. The inclusion of the researcher's own fluid cross-cultural identity as a bicultural "DeaF" participant in this study provides an auto-ethnographic gateway into exploring the lives of other deaf, Deaf, or bicultural DeaF persons. The findings suggest that deaf identity is not a static concept but a complex ongoing quest for belonging, a quest that is bound up with the acceptance of being deaf while "finding one's voice" in a hearing-dominant society. Through the use of dialogue and narrative tools, the study challenges educators, parents, and researchers to broaden their understanding of how deaf identity, and the dignity associated with being a deaf person is constructed.     

A-H股溢价现象:宏观角度的思考

H股溢价现象指的是在A股和H股市场同时上市的同一公司的股票出现的同股同权不同价的现象。类似这种同股同权不同价的现象在很多新兴市场上都出现过,并且被很多的学者研究过。不过,与在其他市场出现过的现象不同,在中国,针对国内投资者的A股相对于针对国外投资者的H股出现的是溢价而不是折价。     

Access to postsecondary education through sign language interpreting

Despite the importance of sign language interpreting for many deaf students, there is surprisingly little research concerning its effectiveness in the classroom. The limited research in this area is reviewed, and a new study is presented that included 23 interpreters, 105 deaf students, and 22 hearing students. Students saw two interpreted university-level lectures, each preceded by a test of prior content knowledge and followed by a post-lecture assessment of learning. A variety of demographic and qualitative data also were collected. Variables of primary interest included the effects of a match or mismatch between student interpreting preferences (interpreting vs. transliteration) and the actual mode of interpreting, student-interpreter familiarity, and interpreter experience. Results clarify previous contradictory findings concerning the importance of student interpreting preferences and extend earlier studies indicating that deaf students acquire less than hearing peers from interpreted college-level lectures. Issues relating to access and success in integrated academic settings are discussed as they relate to relations among student characteristics, interpreter characteristics, and educational settings.     

Postpartum depression, marital dysfunction, and infant outcome: a longitudinal study

This longitudinal study explores the relationship of postpartum depression (PPD) and marital dysfunction on infant outcomes from birth to 2 1/2 years of age among middle-class, postpartum women. Participants were recruited during the prenatal period. Twelve mothers completed the study throughout a 2 1/2-year period. Questionnaires, semistructured interviews, and observations were used to collect data. Content analysis of the interviews (Morse & Field, 1995) was conducted and thematic patterns were identified. Clinical PPD and marital dysfunction (defined as little or no support or closeness, or verbal, emotional or physical abuse) characterized nearly one in three mothers. Four themes describing the women's postpartum progression were identified: stress, isolation, resentment, and eventual adjustment by creating a new normal. No major developmental delays or behavioral problems were found among the infants. Eight of the 12 mothers who were initially identified as breastfeeding nursed their infants for 6-18 months. Regardless of financial and educational advantages, mothers in the study experienced depression and marital dysfunction. These findings support other studies that confirm the lack of association of PPD with social class or marital status. Childbirth educators and other health care professionals are encouraged to continue providing expectant families with anticipatory education and community resources in order to increase awareness of mental health and marital risks during the postpartum transition.     

Parameters in television captioning for deaf and hard-of-hearing adults: effects of caption rate versus text reduction on comprehension

Caption rate and text reduction are factors that appear to affect the comprehension of captions by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. These 2 factors are confounded in everyday captioning; rate (in words per minute) is slowed by text reduction. In this study, caption rate and text reduction were manipulated independently in 2 experiments to assess any differential effects and possible benefits for comprehension by deaf and hard-of-hearing adults. Volunteers for the study included adults with a range of reading levels, self-reported hearing status, and different communication and language preferences. Results indicate that caption rate (at 130, 180, 230 words per minute) and text reduction (at 84%, 92%, and 100% original text) have different effects for different adult users, depending on hearing status, age, and reading level. In particular, reading level emerges as a dominant factor: more proficient readers show better comprehension than poor readers and are better able to benefit from caption rate and, to some extent, text reduction modifications.     

从历史时期的比较中坚信社会主义必胜——驳“社会主义失败论”

我们坚信社会主义一定要代替资本主义,这是不以人们主观意志为转移的历史客观规律。但是,一个时期以来我们不时听到所谓“社会主义失败论”的鼓噪。西方反动政治势力声称,“社会主义是没有前途的”;国内顽固坚持资产阶级自由化的人则说:“社会主义的尝试及其失败,是20世纪人类两大遗产之一”。社会主义真的失败了吗?这个问题,本文不想从中国的历史发展决择,或者建国40年的伟大成就来阐述社会主义事业的光辉前景。本文仅就两个具体问题,谈谈我的浅薄想法。     

Gesture as a window on children's beginning understanding of false belief

Given that gestures may provide access to transitions in cognitive development, preschoolers' performance on standard tasks was compared with their performance on a new gesture false belief task. Experiment 1 confirmed that children (N=45, M age=54 months) responded consistently on two gesture tasks and that there is dramatic improvement on both the gesture false belief task and a standard task from ages 3 to 5. In 2 subsequent experiments focusing on children in transition with respect to understanding false beliefs (Ns=34 and 70, M age=48 months), there was a significant advantage of gesture over standard and novel verbal-response tasks. Iconic gesture may facilitate reasoning about opaque mental states in children who are rapidly developing concepts of mind.     

Prenatal depression, violence, substance use, and perception of support in pregnant middle-class women

The purpose of this study was to explore the vulnerability for postpartum depression among financially, educationally, and socially advantaged middle-class women (n = 31). Twenty-nine percent reported prenatal depression, 13% reported intimate partner violence, and 22% reported concerns with partner relationships and support expectations after delivery. No illegal substances were reported; however, a past history of smoking and excessive use of caffeine was disclosed. Implications for practice focus on the need to screen and implement intervention programs for these social problems and to adopt measures as a universal standard of care for all women, regardless of demographic advantages.     

人造元素

关于化学元素的学说,构成了化学的基本内容,我们周围世界中所有的复杂物质就是由这些元素组成的。在长时期内,人们一直认为元素是不可改变的,并且没有共同的联系。直到1869年,门捷列也夫才发现了所有化学元素的普遍规律性,并且在这个基础上创立了著名的周期系。这位伟大的俄罗斯学者的科学成就,标志着化学上新纪元的开始。门捷列也夫的发现的重要意义是:他确定了所有元素的化学性质随着它们原子量的增加的有规律的周期的重覆性。门捷列也夫把性质相似的元素一个个地上下对齐,这样就组成了周期表。他证明了,每一种化学元素的原子都有着一定的形态,这种形态的特徵不仅仅是由原