Effects of modified-implement training on fast bowling in cricket

The effects of training with overweight and underweight cricket balls on fast-bowling speed and accuracy were investigated in senior club cricket bowlers randomly assigned to either a traditional (n = 9) or modified-implement training (n = 7) group. Both groups performed bowling training three times a week for 10 weeks. The traditional training group bowled only regulation cricket balls (156 g), whereas the modified-implement training group bowled a combination of overweight (161-181 g), underweight (151-131 g) and regulation cricket balls. A radar gun measured the speed of 18 consecutive deliveries for each bowler before, during and after the training period. Video recordings of the deliveries were also analysed to determine bowling accuracy in terms of first-bounce distance from the stumps. Bowling speed, which was initially 108 +/- 5 km h(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation), increased in the modified-implement training group by 4.0 km x h(-1) and in the traditional training group by 1.3 km x h(-1) (difference, 2.7 km x h(-1); 90% confidence limits, 1.2 to 4.2 km x h(-1)). For a minimum worthwhile change of 5 km x h(-1), the chances that the true effect on bowling speed was practically beneficial/trivial/harmful were 1.0/99/< 0.1%. For bowling accuracy, the chances were 1/48/51%. This modified-implement training programme is not a useful training strategy for club cricketers.     

Impact forces and neck muscle activity in heading by collegiate female soccer players

Three soccer header types (shooting, clearing and passing) and two heading approaches (standing and jumping) were manipulated to quantify impact forces and neck muscle activity in elite female soccer players. The 15 participants were Division I intercollegiate soccer players. Impact forces were measured by a 15-sensor pressure array secured on the forehead. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left and right sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles was recorded using surface electrodes. Maximum impact forces and impulses as well as the EMG data were analysed with separate repeated-measures analyses of variance. Impact forces and impulses did not differ among the header types or approaches. Higher values were found for jumping versus standing headers in the mean normalized EMG for the right sternocleidomastoid. In addition, the integrated EMG was greater for the right sternocleidomastoid and right and left trapezius (P < 0.05). The sternocleidomastoid became active earlier than the trapezius and showed greater activity before ball contact. The trapezius became active just before ball contact and showed greater activity after ball contact. The increased muscle activity observed in the neck during the jumping approach appears to stabilize the connection between the head and body, thereby increasing the stability of the head-neck complex.     

图书馆评估的对象分析

最近,陆续读到了几篇关于高校图书馆评估的文章,觉得关于高校图书馆评估的对象问题谈得不够具体,应当进行深入探讨。图书馆评估,就是对图书馆的全面评     

融入技术的现代诗歌教学模式

朱光潜先生在《谈读诗与趣味的培养》中说:"诗是培养趣味的最好的媒介,能欣赏诗的人们对于其他种类文学可有真确的了解,而且也决不会觉得人生是干枯的。"高中现代诗歌单元是对青少年学生进行审美教育的重要资源。新课程标准的阅读目标中明确指出:"能利用图书馆、网络搜集自己需要的信息资料。"教师在现代诗歌教学中尝试应用信息技术创设信息化环境,指导学生获取、利用信息资源,支持学生的自主探究学习,培养学生的信息素养,提高学生的文学学习兴趣,从而优化诗歌教学效果。这样,更有利于学生掌握文学     

论全球化历史进程中的意识形态样态

资本主义开启了全球化并主导着全球化的历史进程,决定了资本主义意识形态占据全球意识形态主导话语权,并成为维护全球治理秩序的重要工具。全球化发展初期,东方学的殖民主义话语体系是欧洲殖民者维护其全球殖民统治秩序的意识形态机制;二战结束后至冷战前后的后殖民时期,以“自由、民主、人权”为核心的“普世价值”取代东方学成为西方发达国家实现资本增殖、谋求世界霸权的意识形态工具。21世纪以来,全球化进入实质性发展的新阶段,人类走向全球性共同生活阶段。我国提出的人类命运共同体理念和全人类共同价值从全人类共同利益出发,契合了全球性共同生活对意识形态的新诉求,是顺应人类社会发展的历史趋势、反映全人类共同利益诉求的意识形态表达。人类命运共同体理念和全人类共同价值为构建良好的全球治理秩序、建设一个更加美好的世界提供了全新的理论基础和正确的理念指引。     

Contributions of Emergent Literacy Skills to Name Writing, Letter Writing, and Spelling in Preschool Children

The purpose of this study was to examine which emergent literacy skills contribute to preschool children's emergent writing (name-writing, letter-writing, and spelling) skills. Emergent reading and writing tasks were administered to 296 preschool children aged 4-5 years. Print knowledge and letter-writing skills made positive contributions to name writing; whereas alphabet knowledge, print knowledge, and name writing made positive contributions to letter writing. Both name-writing and letter-writing skills made significant contributions to the prediction of spelling after controlling for age, parental education, print knowledge, phonological awareness, and letter-name and letter-sound knowledge; however, only letter-writing abilities made a significant unique contribution to the prediction of spelling when both letter-writing and name-writing skills were considered together. Name writing reflects knowledge of some letters rather than a broader knowledge of letters that may be needed to support early spelling. Children's letter-writing skills may be a better indicator of children's emergent literacy and developing spelling skills than are their name-writing skills at the end of the preschool year. Spelling is a developmentally complex skill beginning in preschool and includes letter writing and blending skills, print knowledge, and letter-name and letter-sound knowledge.     

From Scribbles to Scrabble: Preschool Children's Developing Knowledge of Written Language

The purpose of this study was to concurrently examine the development of written language across different writing tasks and to investigate how writing features develop in preschool children. Emergent written language knowledge of 372 preschoolers was assessed using numerous writing tasks. The findings from this study indicate that children demonstrate knowledge about writing before beginning school and receiving formal instruction. There was clear evidence to support the claim that universal writing features develop before language-specific features. Children as young as 3 years possess knowledge regarding universal and language-specific writing features. Preschoolers appear to progress along a continuum from scribbling to conventional spelling. Although this progression is sequential, children’s writing proficiency is task dependent. Implications of these findings on writing development are discussed.     

Government management of two media-facilitated crises involving dioxin contamination of food

Incidents become crises through a constant and intense public scrutiny facilitated by the media. Two incidents involving dioxin contamination of food led to crises in Belgium and the Republic of Ireland in 1999 and 2008, respectively. Thought to cause cancer in humans, dioxins reached the food supply in both incidents through the contamination of fat used for animal feed. The food and agricultural industries connected to each incident relied on crisis management activities of federal governments to limit adverse public reaction. Analysis of the management of the two crises by their respective federal governments, and a subsequent review of crisis management literature, led to the development of an effective crisis management model. Such a model, appropriately employed, may insulate industries associated with a crisis against damaged reputations and financial loss.     

诊学练测模式下的初中几何教法研究

在初中几何的学习过程中,很多学生对知识点的分布以及应用并不明确,这是导致学生成绩无法提高的关键因素。针对初中几何日常学习过程中所遇到的问题,教师提出了诊学练测四步教学方法对现有的教学模式进行补充,希望通过研究能够为今后初中几何教学提供新思路,同时为后续的教学与学习提供必要的理论基础与实践指导。     

实践取向下的高师生教育理论知识现状调查研究

教育理论知识是衡量高师生是否合格的重要指标之一,文章通过调查分析了高师生的教育理论知识现状,并在此基础上结合实际情况进行了原因分析,就如何提升高师生教育理论知识提出了相应的对策.