Protection styles of prostitutes' clients: intentions,behavior, and considerations in relation to AIDS

The perceived costs and benefits of condom use within the context of commercial sex were examined in interviews with 87 clients of female Dutch prostitutes. 8 types of condom users were identified: convinced (46% of the study group), guilty conscience (11%), anti-ridden (13%), defaulting (6%), maximum selective (8%), minimum selective (3%), indifferent (8%), and recalcitrant (5%). Clients who consistently used condoms take responsibility for both the pleasure and safety of their sexual encounter; their attitude toward prostitution is positive and straightforward. Guilty conscience users are motivated to use condoms by feelings of guilt toward their wife and are ambivalent about their participation in commercial sex. Angst-ridden users are motivated to seek out prostitutes more by loneliness than the pursuit of sexual pleasure; they view their personal risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as higher than that reported by consistent users and thus are motivated by fear to use condoms. Defaulting users perceive themselves as the victims of temptation and express a lack of control over the sexual encounter that places them at risk of unprotected sex. Maximum selective users are consistent in using condoms in sex with prostitutes, except when it involves a prostitute whom they see regularly and frequently. Minimum selective users seek frequent contact with prostitutes and base condom use on a subjective assessment of whether the woman is healthy or not. Indifferent users, often disabled and lonely men with no other source of sexual contact, base their condom use or nonuse solely on the wishes of the prostitute. Finally, recalcitrant users are characterized by a desire for power and protest condom use. In general, consistent condom use was related to a positive evaluation of prostitutes, positive attitudes toward the advantages of condom use, an internal locus of control with regard to health, and a higher level of education.     

试论综合文科教育的基本特征

综合科教育是一种在科领域为探索复合型人才培养模式的教育实验。本认为，这一实验应始终以全面提高学生的人素质为目的，充分体现现代教育的主体性、开放性和超前性，具有鲜明的时代特征。     

德育回归生活的审视——关注人性的理念

当前德育存在的基本问题是在学校道德教育中灌输道德知识,脱离人的实际生活,其结果培养出许多"道德专家",而不是有道德的人.德育回归生活的意义在于关注人本身,造就有德性的公民.从人性的角度,探究德育回归生活价值,在当前德育的研究中具有必要性和重要性.本文旨在审视德育回归生活,关注其人性理念,实现德育的健康发展.     

国外终身教育与终身学习比较研究及对我国的启示

终身学习是当今世界一股强劲的教育思潮，是当今知识经济时代的必然要求。本文介绍了美国、日本、英国的终身教育发展状况，总结出它们在终身教育发展过程中的共性特征，以期对推进我国终身教育有所启示。     

Specific impairment in developmental reading disabilities: a working memory approach

Children with developmental reading disabilities (RD) frequently display impaired working memory functioning. However, research has been divergent regarding the characteristics of the deficit. Our investigation addressed this controversy by assessing Baddeley's working memory model as a whole rather than focusing on particular aspects of it, as has been done by much of the research to date. Participants included 20 children with RD and 20 typical readers between the ages of 9 and 13. The phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, and central executive were assessed according to Baddeley's model. The results demonstrated that children with RD have an impaired phonological loop but intact visual-spatial sketchpad and central executive functioning as compared to controls. In terms of the phonological loop, the deficit appears to be specific to the phonological store. Furthermore, our research supports a relationship between phonological processing and phonological loop functioning.     

学校危机管理视域下的校车安全管理

一、问题的提出2010年12月27日,湖南衡南县松江镇东塘村学生家长租用一辆改装过的"校车"送孩子去附近的因果小学上学。受清晨浓雾影响,在驶到因果桥时,发生交通意外,整车坠入河中,事故共造成14名小学生死亡,6人受伤。此次事故中所谓的校车,实际上就是一辆改装过的农用     

论美育在现代艺术学校教育中的重要作用

艺术学校的学生思维比较活跃，他们的感性思维要远远超过他们的理性思维，因此，必须实施美育，使感性与理性统一起来，促进学生全面发展，并且，美育必须融入艺术学校教育的全过程，才能真正实现素质教育。     

A comparison of blood pressure in term, low birth-weight infants of smoking and nonsmoking mothers

Infants exposed to the components of cigarette smoke in utero are at an increased risk for perinatal death, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and premature delivery. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare blood pressure values in term low-birth weight infants (相似文献   

实行校企合作克服三大难题

高职教育是高等教育的一个重要类型,伴随着教育大众化的呼声,高职教育发展态势迅猛。从1998年到2003年,短短五年时间高职招生数从43万人猛增到200万人,增长3.7倍,占普通高校招生数的比例从39.73%增长到52.3%。2004年,高职毕业生高达147万人,占高校毕业生总数的52.5%。然而,在高职教育发展过程中也面临着一些问题,诸如办学难、育人难、就业难等。事实表明,校企合作、产学研究在解决以上难题中发挥着至关重要的作用。实现校企紧密合作,解决办学难的问题校企合作最重要的就是要求学校打破传统体制,积极推进与企业的各种合作。学校通过与企业合…     

AreYoung children susceptible to the false-memory illusion?

False memories have typically been found to be more common during early childhood than during later childhood or adulthood. However, fuzzy-trace theory makes the counterintuitive prediction that some powerful forms of adult false memory will be greatly attenuated in early childhood, an important example being the Deese/Roediger/McDermott (DRM) illusion. Three developmental studies of this illusion (N = 282) found that (1) it was at near-floor levels in young children, (2) it was still below adult levels by early adolescence, and (3) the low levels of the illusion in young children may be due to failure to "get the gist" of DRM materials.