Las estrategias de aprendizaje en la Educación formal: enseñar a pensar y sobre el pensar

Resumen

En el presente trabajo se analiza la relación existente entre el concepto de estrategias de aprendizaje y de habilidades metacognitivas en el marco de un modelo explicativo basado en la mediación cognitiva. Posteriormente se revisan los métodos instruccionales que se han mostrado más eficaces en la instauración de macroestrategias entre los estudiantes, y se describe de manera pormenorizada un sistema de autointerrogación metacognitiva, el procedimiento metacognitive de enseñanza-aprendizaje (promete-a). La aplicación de promete-a, en un estudio piloto, a 16 profesores de distintos niveles educativos no-universitarios, ha demostrado tener una incidencia positiva en la planificación, monitorización y evaluación de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la tarea ae preparation de sesiones de clase.     

Do school entry laws affect educational attainment and labor market outcomes?

Age based school entry laws force parents and educators to consider an important tradeoff: though students who are the youngest in their school cohort typically have poorer academic performance, on average, they have slightly higher educational attainment. In this paper we document that for a large cohort of California and Texas natives the school entry laws increased educational attainment of students who enter school early, but also lowered their academic performance while in school. However, we find no evidence that the age at which children enter school effects job market outcomes, such as wages or the probability of employment. This suggests that the net effect on adult labor market outcomes of the increased educational attainment and poorer academic performance is close to zero.     

Tackling the Phenomenon of Elder Abuse in Italy: A Review of Existing Legislation and Policies as a Learning Resource

In Italy, data and information on prevalence and characteristics of elder abuse are very limited, and a specific legal and policy framework is lacking. Some articles of the Penal Code refer to the larger context of violence against disadvantaged groups, and some general support services not specifically dedicated to this issue are managed by local municipalities. In this context, empirical research is useful for disseminating information and implementation of good practices. Such research indicates future directions for the education of the public and training of professionals on the prevention, detection, and treatment of abusive practices.     

Actitudes de los maestros hacia la integración escolar de niños con necesidades especiales

Resumen

Se hace un estudio de las variables que afectan a las actitudes de los maestros hacia la integración escolar de niños con necesidades especiales en dieciséis centros educativos normales de la provincia de Guipúzcoa.

No se encuentran relaciones entre las actitudes de los maestros y el sexo, la lengua materna, tipo de centro, nivel de apoyo administrativo o técnico, tiempo de contacto con los niños (tiempo de integración). Sí que se observan relaciones significativas entre las variables actitudes y las variables número de alumnos por aula, actividades extraescolares, información, diagnóstico, nivel educativo, edad de los maestros.

En general, no obstante, las actitudes tienden a ser positivas.

Se analizan y discuten los resultados y se recoge la importancia de una consideración multidimensional del estudio de las actitudes de los maestros hacia la integración escolar de niños con necesidades especiales.     

The Development and Application of Distance Learning Courses on the Internet

This paper presents the methodology, results and difficulties encountered in the development and delivery of a course through the Internet. The course, which is about the application of information technology to education, is being delivered using the AulaNet environment, which is groupware for the creation, participation and maintenance of Web-based courses. A model for group work is provided. This paper also shows how this kind of environment can be used to provide support, and to facilitate and manage cooperative learning.     

A Structural Equation Model of Parental Involvement,Motivational and Aptitudinal Characteristics,and Academic Achievement

The authors used the structural equation model (SEM) approach to test a model hypothesizing the influence of parental involvement on students' academic aptitudes, self-concept, and causal attributions, as well as the influence of the 3 variables on academic achievement. The theoretical model was contrasted in a group of 12- to 18-year-old adolescents (N = 261) attending various educational centers. The results indicate that (a) parental involvement had a positive and significant influence on the participant's measured characteristics; (b) causal attribution was not causally related to self-concept or academic achievement when the task involved finding causes for success, but, self-concept and causal attributions were found to be significantly and reciprocally related when the task involved finding causes accounting for failure; (c) self-concept was statistically and predominantly causally related to academic achievement, but not vice versa; and (d) aptitude and self-concept accounted for academic achievement, although the effect of self-concept was predominant. These results suggest that in adolescence, cognitive-affective variables become crucial in accounting for academic behavior.     

Examining Service-Learning Literature in Physical Education Teacher Education: Recommendations for Practice and Research

Service-learning is a teaching strategy designed to provide learners opportunities to transfer theory to practice in an authentic environment while concurrently meeting genuine needs in the community. The reciprocal nature of service-learning differentiates this pedagogy from other learning venues including field experiences, internships, and student teaching. Recently the interest surrounding, as well as the utilization of service-learning, has grown in numerous academic disciplines including physical education teacher education (PETE). PETE research investigating the impact of service-learning in regards to student and community outcomes is also emerging. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the current PETE service-learning literature. Components of the review include examination of theoretical frameworks, exploration of the impact of service-learning on PETE students and community participants, and recommendations for practice and future research.     

Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer

Abstract

In research on the importance of the possession of the ball in soccer, little attention has been paid to its determinants. Using data from 170 matches of the 2003 – 2004 Spanish Soccer League, we explain why differences in the possession of the ball among teams are so great. In particular, four variables are examined: evolving match status (i.e. whether the team is winning, losing or drawing), venue (i.e. playing at home or away), and the identities of the team and the opponent in each match. Results of linear regression analysis show that these four variables are statistically significant and together explain most of the variance in possession. In short, home teams have more possession than away teams, teams have more possession when they are losing matches than when winning or drawing, and the identity of the opponent matters – the worse the opponent, the greater the possession of the ball. Combinations of these variables could be used to develop a model that predicts possession in soccer.