Hybrid clustering for validation and improvement of subject-classification schemes

A hybrid text/citation-based method is used to cluster journals covered by the Web of Science database in the period 2002–2006. The objective is to use this clustering to validate and, if possible, to improve existing journal-based subject-classification schemes. Cross-citation links are determined on an item-by-paper procedure for individual papers assigned to the corresponding journal. Text mining for the textual component is based on the same principle; textual characteristics of individual papers are attributed to the journals in which they have been published. In a first step, the 22-field subject-classification scheme of the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) is evaluated and visualised. In a second step, the hybrid clustering method is applied to classify the about 8300 journals meeting the selection criteria concerning continuity, size and impact. The hybrid method proves superior to its two components when applied separately. The choice of 22 clusters also allows a direct field-to-cluster comparison, and we substantiate that the science areas resulting from cluster analysis form a more coherent structure than the “intellectual” reference scheme, the ESI subject scheme. Moreover, the textual component of the hybrid method allows labelling the clusters using cognitive characteristics, while the citation component allows visualising the cross-citation graph and determining representative journals suggested by the PageRank algorithm. Finally, the analysis of journal ‘migration’ allows the improvement of existing classification schemes on the basis of the concordance between fields and clusters.     

青少年速滑运动员训练及比赛中的心理障碍与消除

运用运动心理学相关知识,采用理论分析的方法,对青少年速滑运动员在训练和比赛中产生心理障碍的原因进行分析。同时提出一些消除心理障碍的训练方法和手段,提高青少年速滑运动员训练与比赛中的心理水平,降低和消除心理障碍对运动成绩的负面影响。     

高等医药院校体育师资队伍现状调查结果分析

运用调查法、访谈法、文献资料法、数理统计等研究方法 ,对全国 5 3所高等医药院校的 70 4名体育教师现状进行分析研究。其结果显示思想政治素质、业务素质较好、队伍稳定 ;但学历结构、职称结构、年龄结构、性别结构不尽合理 ,工作环境较差。提出加强师资队伍薄弱环节建设的思路和建议 ,为领导决策提供依据 ,旨在建设一支跨世纪的体育名师队伍 ,以适应全面推进素质教育 ,培养高水平的医药专业人才的需要。     

温州市民体质现状探因

运用实证分析、文献等方法．对温州市民体质现状及其成固进行分析。结果显示：温州市民体质水平低于浙江省平均体质水平，人口健康状况不客乐观。原因是市民参与体育活动人数比例较低、人均体育用地仅为0．45m^2育消费与其它消费水平有明显差距。要实现可持续发展，必须将提高人口素质放在社会经济发展的重要地位，根据温州市的实际，着眼于市民体质状巩．制定切实可行的全民健身计划。     

Shaolin Kong Fu：A Blend of Buddhism and Martial Arts

On March 22,2006,Russian President Vladimir Putin paid a visit to the Shaolin Temple in central China＇s Henan Province during his two-day state visit to China,Guided by Abbot Shi Yongxin ,the president appreciated Shaolin Kong Fu which has been nurtured in profound oriental philosophical values,In his talks with the abbot,Putin said,＂I would like to thank the Shaolin Temple for giving me such an opportunity,I want to be here,because I have long admired and respected Shaolin Temple and its cultural traditions.＂     

Examining Contextual Effects in a Practice Analysis: An Application of Dual Scaling

Practice analyses are routinely used in support of the development of occupational and professional certification and licensure examinations. These analyses usually survey incumbents to obtain importance ratings of (1) specific tasks and (2) knowledge, skill, and ability (KSA) statements deemed by subject matter experts as essential to safe and effective practice. Several researchers have made important criticisms of traditional practice analysis procedures, particularly the lack of attention to contextual constructs and the resulting problematic interpretation of mean importance ratings. The present study provides a framework for assessing the impact of context in practice analysis studies. It focuses on a practice analysis of a health profession that sought to enhance the meaning of incumbents' importance ratings by embedding the statements in the context of patient acuities. Results indicate that incumbents' importance ratings varied as a function of patient acuity. Dual scaling analysis was used to obtain a multidimensional visual representation of the associations between importance ratings and contextual content. The implications of the contextual component of the study design for future practice analysis studies are discussed as well as possible applications of this approach to professions in education.     

影响青少年排球运动员技术效果的心理因素

采用心理学实验法、调查法、数学分析等方法，研究了影响青少年排球运动员技术效果发挥的心理因素。运用关联分析的数学方法对技术效果与诸心理因素的内在关系进行了定量分析，揭示了影响技术效果的主要心理因素以及各项技术效果与心理因素的关联权重比。     

Moral communication in elite sport – forms,functions and effects

This contribution examines the use of morality in the communication between coaches and athletes in elite sport. Here, moral communication is constructed as a social fact from a systems theory perspective in order, under the light of this construction, to analyse concrete examples of it from the sports of team handball and field hockey and to reflect on its functions and effects. The findings of the analysis are incorporated in recommendations for coaches which advise a cautious use of morality since careful consideration must be given to the polemogenic nature of moral and moralizing communication.     

Combining full text and bibliometric information in mapping scientific disciplines

In the present study results of an earlier pilot study by Glenisson, Glänzel and Persson are extended on the basis of larger sets of papers. Full text analysis and traditional bibliometric methods are serially combined to improve the efficiency of the two individual methods. The text mining methodology already introduced in the pilot study is applied to the complete publication year 2003 of the journal Scientometrics. Altogether 85 documents that can be considered research articles or notes have been selected for this exercise. The outcomes confirm the main results of the pilot study, namely, that such hybrid methodology can be applied to both research evaluation and information retrieval. Nevertheless, Scientometrics documents published in 2003 cover a much broader and more heterogeneous spectrum of bibliometrics and related research than those analysed in the pilot study. A modified subject classification based on the scheme used in an earlier study by Schoepflin and Glänzel has been applied for validation purposes.     

科技项目管理人员技能因子的实证研究——以信息技术类项目为例

本文通过向部分省市科技项目管理人员进行问卷调查,在北京、天津、石家庄、深圳等地企事业单位和政府部门以及项目管理资格认证培训班调研等获得的231份有效问卷为基础数据,用因子分析法分析了构成项目管理人员技能的五大要素为:专业技术技能、业务分析理解技能、跨部门(跨组织)沟通与激励技能、计划控制与组织协调技能、及时决策和适度授权技能。研究结果还表明,各项技能因子对项目绩效起的作用各不相同。