Glenohumeral contact force during flat and topspin tennis forehand drives

The primary role of the shoulder joint in tennis forehand drive is at the expense of the loadings undergone by this joint. Nevertheless, few studies investigated glenohumeral (GH) contact forces during forehand drives. The aim of this study was to investigate GH compressive and shearing forces during the flat and topspin forehand drives in advanced tennis players. 3D kinematics of flat and topspin forehand drives of 11 advanced tennis players were recorded. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow musculoskeletal model was implemented to assess the magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces during the forehand drives. The results showed no differences in magnitude and orientation of GH contact forces between the flat and topspin forehand drives. The estimated maximal GH contact force during the forward swing phase was 3573 ± 1383 N, which was on average 1.25 times greater than during the follow-through phase, and 5.8 times greater than during the backswing phase. Regardless the phase of the forehand drive, GH contact forces pointed towards the anterior-superior part of the glenoid therefore standing for shearing forces. Knowledge of GH contact forces during real sport tasks performed at high velocity may improve the understanding of various sport-specific adaptations and causative factors for shoulder problems.     

Hyperlipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzymes, Na+−K+-ATPase in erythrocytes of type 2 diabetic patients in andhra pradesh

Plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxides and erythrocyte Na⁺−K⁺ ATPase, Mg²⁺ATPase and antioxidant enzymes were measured in type-2 diabetic patients. A significant decrease in Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity was observed in diabetic patients which was negatively correlated with blood glucose and lipid peroxides, while the Mg²⁺-ATPase activity was increased. In the diabetic subjects the plasma concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ were increased where as erythrocyte levels of Na⁺ were increased and K⁺ were decreased. Hyperlipidaemia and increased levels of lipid peroxides were observed in the diabetic subjects. There was a significant increase in erythrocyte catalase activity in diabetics which positively correlated with their lipid peroxides. There was no change in GPx activities between controls and diabetics.     

Mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin as mucosal adjuvants

Heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and cholera toxin(CT) are highly homologous (82 % at the amino acid level), they are the causative factors of travelers diarrhea and cholera respectively[1]. When co-stimulating the surface of the mucosal with antigens, these toxins induce significantly immunological reaction [2]. Because of this character, LT and CT are widely used as mucosal adjuvants in non-human animal models. But the high toxicity and allergenicity caused by IgE antibody (Ab) responded to b…     

对湖北省少数民族贫困地区农村体育人口的调查

为了解湖北省少数民族贫困地区农村体育人口的现状 ,找出在湖北省少数民族贫困地区体育运动发展存在的问题 ,为制定当地体育发展规划提供依据 ,运用分层抽样法选取少数民族地区 10县市共 6 2 0 0名农村人口进行问卷调查和访问、座谈。结果表明 :湖北省少数民族地区农村体育人口的数量不仅大大低于我国农村体育人口的平均水平 ,也大大低于我国少数民族地区体育人口的平均水平 ,体育观念陈旧 ,基层体育组织缺乏 ,场地、器材严重不足 ,繁重的体力劳动导致农民体力透支等是导致当地体育人口极低的主要原因。     

Academic motivation in children with dyslexia

The authors' purpose was to determine which form of therapeutic aid may influence academic approach and avoidance motivation in children with dyslexia. There were 165 children with dyslexia assessed with the use of ”I and my school” questionnaire. The authors considered the children's previous therapeutic experience and on its basis they were divided into three groups. Children receiving systematic therapeutic treatment display a significantly higher level of academic approach motivation as compared to those from the two other groups. Those children also manifest a lower level of academic avoidance motivation compared to those receiving no form of specialist treatment. Girls, regardless of their therapeutic experience, demonstrate a higher level of approach motivation; boys, on the other hand, display a higher level of avoidance motivation. The study shows that the quality of provided therapeutic aid affects emotional-motivational sphere of children with dyslexia. Systematic therapeutic aid increases academic approach motivation and reduces avoidance motivation.     

浙江省大学生保健行为调查

通过对浙江省 985名大学生 34项健康行为的指标进行调查发现 ,大多数大学生在珍惜健康和为健康投资上做得很不自觉 ,也很不理性 ,吸烟、酗酒、熬夜、节食、纵欲、缺乏体育锻炼、锻炼不科学等现象极为普遍。应引起体育与健康教育决策部门的注意。