从比较的观点看印度伦理

古印度梵文史诗《摩诃婆罗多》所表述的伦理思想可以启示我们从一个包容、多元的角度看待西方伦理学中的三种主要理论:康德的道义论、功利主义的后果论和亚里士多德的德性伦理学.它们分别涉及到人的认知性、感受性和德性.这三种理论各有其支持的理由,也存在各自不同的困难.但它们之间不会完全相互排斥,而是和而不同.其中的每一个都不能充分地解释道德行为.只有基于责任、共同善的追求和美德这三者,才能做出一个完整的道德评价.     

Diagnostic Role of Tumour Markers CEA, CA15-3, CA19-9 and CA125 in Lung Cancer

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of the tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 15-3, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125, in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a group of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected in a group of 90 patients with benign or malignant pulmonary diseases. After appropriate processing, tumour markers were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The diagnostic yields (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) in each environment (serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) were obtained by using "Receivers operating characteristic" curve. Determined individually, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125, showed the greatest diagnostic accuracy in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 did so in serum. Carcinoembryonic antigen was the most relevant marker in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. For the factors evaluated in this study, determination of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 125 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were clinically more useful markers in comparison with serum, although the latter may also be helpful in certain situations. Although there is no specific tumour marker for lung cancer, the combination of several can be used to diagnose most patients with lung cancer and also to rule out false positive and negative cases.     

What Works for us – Boys' Views of Their Experiences in a Former List D School

This article reports boys' experiences of life in a former residential school. The authors are all based at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. Mark Smith, who was a practitioner and manager in child and youth care settings in Scotland for many years, is currently course director of the MSc in Advanced Residential Child Care. Euan McKay is a research fellow in the Quality in Education Centre and has research interests in school self-evaluation, parental involvement and provision for 'looked after' children. Mono Chakrabarti, who has published across a range of areas, including residential child care, is emeritus professor of social work. Their article reveals some fascinating and unusual perspectives.
Residential schools from the approved, or, in Scotland, List D tradition, have rarely been seen as a placement of choice by the social work profession within which they have been located over the past 30 years. Despite this, there is some evidence to suggest that the experience of such provision can be a positive one for the children and young people who attend the schools. Drawing upon a wider evaluation of a residential education and care establishment which has recently extended the range of services it offers, this article considers pupils' views of their placement experiences. Their identification of what they consider to be important to life in the centre yields some surprising insights. Mark Smith, Euan McKay and Mono Chakrabarti use the pupils' comments about structure and routine, relationships with adults, school activities and family contact to generate a provocative commentary on the provision of residential care and education services.     

State structures in digital filter configurations—I. conventional and nodal state structures

This paper presents a formal precedure for determining the state-space representations of any digital network consisting of adders, multipliers, and delays. Such representations are called state structures whenever the state variables are exclusively identified to the appropriately chosen internal node variables of the network. In general, the state structures corresponding to a given network are not unique. In Part I of the paper we present techniques of obtaining the various state structures where the associated state vectors have dimensions equal to the number of dynamic elements (in our case delays) in the network. In Part II we shall treat the subject of lowering the dimension of such state-space representations.     

DNA chip

This article presents a brief overview of DNA chips, or microarrays. Microarrays are a very significant technological development in molecular biology, and are perhaps the most efficient tool available for functional genomics today.     

Enhanced anti-proteases in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis> fed with diet containing herbal ingredients

Aqueous root extract ofAchyranthes aspera was incorporated in the experimental diet ofLabeo rohita (rohu). Control diet was prepared without root extract. Feeding of fishes with experimental diet has significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the serum anti-proteases level than fishes fed with control diet.     

A general theory of decoupling a system of lossless coupled lines using linear transformations

This paper presents a general theory of decoupling a system of nonuniform lossless coupled lines with the aid of linear transformations. The lines have a common return and support only TEM waves. It is shown that the solution of the decoupling problem is equivalent to that of the simultaneous diagonalization of a set of real constant matrices through specially related pairs of congruent and similarity transformations. The solution of the equivalent problem yields the necessary and sufficient conditions for decoupling the system of coupled lines. A systematic procedure for decoupling is then presented. A special case is studied for which the decoupling problem becomes simpler. Finally, we have derived a set of equivalent but considerably simpler necessary and sufficient conditions for decoupling the frequently used system of a pair of lossless coupled lines.