Individual differences in an English learning achievement system: gaming flow experience,gender differences and learning motivation

Despite the growing interest in digital game-based learning (DGBL), there has been a lack of attention paid to the effects of individual differences, such as gaming flow experience and gender differences, in a reward-based achievement system. To this end, this study developed an achievement system with a reward mechanism to facilitate English learning. This study investigated how individuals’ gaming flow experience levels affected their levels of learning motivation, and whether any gender differences existed in gaming flow experience and learning motivation while engaging in the achievement system. The results showed that gaming flow experience significantly predicted learning motivation, whereby the students with high gaming flow experience were six times more likely to have high learning motivation than those with low gaming flow experience. Subsequent analysis showed that the female students had significantly higher gaming flow than the male students, but the male and female students showed similar learning motivation. Furthermore, the results indicated that the male students achieved more interactive rewards than the female students, but no significant differences were found in the male and female students’ achievement of other types of rewards. Based on these findings, the authors contribute to the literature by developing a framework which can be applied to support designers to accommodate individual differences in DGBL.     

“姓”的文化解读

“姓”从女从生，与古老、原始的群婚习俗有关，反映了原始女权的印迹和先民生育崇拜的化观念。姓的渊源与古代图腾崇拜关系密切。     

邓小平关于区域发展的基本思想及其指导意义

邓小平同志有关区域经济发展问题的论述,如社会主义的本质就是通过改革和发展而求得人民的共同富裕;抓住有利时机加快发展,力争隔几年上一个台阶,要求有条件的地方要尽可能快速发展,鼓励一部分地区和一部分人先富起来,以先富带后富、帮后富,最终达到共同富裕,对指导西部大开发及发展北海经济具有重要的指导意义。     

Duality of Li2CO3 in Solid-State Batteries

Solid-state batteries(SSBs) have been considered the most promising technology because of their superior energy density and safety.Among all the solid-state electrolytes(SEs),Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂(LLZO) with high ionic conductivity(3 × 10^-4 S/cm) has been widely investigated.However,its large-scale production in ambient air faces a challenge.After air exposure,the generated Li₂CO₃ layer deteriorates the ionic conductivity and in...     

应用数学在“智能结构”构建中的作用

“新三要素”给我们在教学改革和创新教育中提出了新的课题。如何使应用数学这门基础工具学科充分发挥它的作用,使自身得以提高和完善?本文就此从目的性教学(素质方面的培养)、启发性教学(能力方面的培养)、情趣性教学(技能方面的培养)三个方面阐述其在构建学生“智能结构”中的具体作用。     

多目标整数规划数学模型设计

就三维合班问题，建立了多目标整数规划的数学模型．避免了人工排课的随意性和盲目性。     

关于章法技巧

章法技巧是文章的内部技巧，属于文章的大修辞、潜修辞。文章的章法是对文章结构认识，文章的章法技，于是对章法的高级认识。章法技，予有传统技，予、现代技巧，但特点是一致的，即独特性，互渗性、稳定性，作家的独创性，语言依附性。当代语文教学忽视大纲的要求，忽视美育，这一点值得注意。     

现代文阅读主观题解题技巧

现代文阅读是学生的难点，本文介绍了现代文阅读主观题的解题技巧：整体感知，审清题意，确定答题范围，有效组织语言。本文从这四个方面入手，教给了学生解答现代文阅读主观题的方法，使学生能有效地解决阅读中遇到的问题。     

Teachers’ cultural differences: case studies of geography teachers in Brisbane,Changchun and Hong Kong

The primary purpose of this exploratory study is to identify variations in the ways in which individual teachers in different educational contexts interpret their curriculum and plan their lessons and in particular to explore the possibility that cultural differences as identified by Hofstede (1991) may be a contributing factor to understanding how teachers understand their work. “Educational reform” has become a catchphrase in the Anglo-American world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and England and Wales, as well as in the Confucian Heritage Areas such as Mainland China, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Across the world, the educational reform measures being implemented are surprisingly similar. This paper describes a study of how geography teachers in Queensland, Australia, Hong Kong, and Changchun, China, plan their lessons and curriculum. From classroom observations and interviews with the teachers involved, we confirmed marked differences in each location regarding their cultural traits of power distance, individualist and collectivist preference and uncertainty tolerance, and that these traits appear to be highly influential in their curriculum planning. Despite the small scale of this study, we contend that there are good reasons for caution before national education systems import policies and curriculum reform initiatives from other countries for unthinking adoption.