On the complementarity between online and offline music consumption: the case of free streaming

From a representative survey of 2,000 individuals, we study whether consumption of music through streaming services, like Spotify or YouTube, is a substitute or a complement to physical music consumption modes, such as CDs and live music. Controlling for the taste for music, various socio-demographic characteristics and the usual determinants of music consumption either offline (radio, TV, friends/relatives) or online (online recommendations, social networks), our results show that free music streaming (where the consumer does not possess the music but only has access to it) has no significant effect on CD sales and affects positively live music attendance, but only for national or international artists who are more likely to be available on streaming services.     

提高竞技体育水平的经济学思考

提高竞技体育水平的一个重要因素是体育要有广泛的选材基础，这就要求人们广泛参与。而人们是否选择某职业，取决于职业给人带来的满足。职业给人的满足最终与职业的收入及职业的风险性有关，为提高体育职业对人的吸引力，必须提高运动员的收入及降低体育的风险率。     

对儿童少年冰球运动员选材指标的研究

科学选材质量的高低取决于测试指标的选择和评价标准。采用综合研究方法，广泛地吸收了有关冰球运动员科学选材方面的研究成果，初步建立了儿童少年冰球运动员选材指标模式，形成具有中国特色的冰球运动员科学选材的理论与方法体系。     

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory in the context of globalization

The article reviews the social-educational theorization of the early Soviet psychologist L. S. Vygotsky (1896–1934) in the light of the impact of communicative globalization in educational practice. Vygotsky proposed four “genetic domains” for investigating higher cognitive processes: the phylogenetic (humans undergoing natural evolution), the cultural-historical (social activity of humans), the ontogenetic (individual lifespan), and the microgenetic (immediate events). Vygotskian sociocultural theory is widely used in educational research, especially Vygotsky’s notion of mediated development via tools and signs. Since Vygotsky, communicative globalization has transformed educational potentials. Nevertheless, provided adjustments are made to Vygotsky’s genetic method to incorporate time-space compression, the mutual presence of the genetic domains, and the glonacal heuristic, Vygotskian theory continues to be useful in socially-situated investigations of educational development and transformation, and opens another way into the global, for example investigation of the role of global mediation in learning.     

试论手机媒体内容的信息网络传播权

当前,手机已成为继报刊、广播、电视、互联网之后被公众所广泛认知的"第五媒体",即手机媒体。手机媒体内容作为无可置疑的著作权法涵盖客体是手机媒体传播的主要对象,其信息网络传播权因手机媒体传播方式的多样性而受到巨大威胁。手机媒体内容信息网络传播权研究是著作权法学理论应用于手机媒体领域中的一项重要课题。文章以手机媒体内容的作品性为研究基点,探讨其信息网络传播权的内涵与特征,进而界定了常见的侵权行为。     

Sm3+掺杂SnO2半导体的制备及其光学特性

以四氯化锡(SnCl<,4>·5H<,2>O)、氧化钐(Sm<,2>O<,3>)和乙醇为主要原料,采用溶剂热法制备Sm<;3+>离子掺杂的SnO<,2>纳米粉体.应用XRD、Fr-IR、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对所获得粉体进行了表征.结果表明,溶剂热过程实现了氧化锡的直接晶化,产物为金红石结构...     

我国各省区大中型企业科技人力资源比较分析

为了定量反映我国各省区大中型工业企业中科技活动人员以及其中的科学家和工程师的发展情况,运用环比增长率和发展指数来分析年度变化数据,并应用波动系数指标对发展变化的幅度进行分区.根据不同的区间,给出2000-2008 年间我国各省区科技人力资源发展状态的评价和比较研究,分析发展中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出对策性建议.     

21世纪的经济信息管理系列课程建设

介绍我国经济信息管理专业的发展历程，比较各个院校的专业课程设置情况，并针对目前的状况提出课程设置构想。     

高校图书馆网络信息服务现状分析

作者以问卷方式对高校图书馆网络信息服务问题进行了基础调查，并分析了高校图书馆在该方面的发展现状，存在的问题和故障。     

Clodronate-containing liposomes attenuate lung injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Objectives:Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) can lead to acute lung injury(ALI) .The purpose of this paper is to investigate the protective effect of clodronate-containing liposomes on ALI in rats with SAP.Methods:The thin film method was used to prepare liposomes.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups.After the SAP model was established by injecting 5%(w/v) sodium taurocholate(2 ml/kg body weight) into the subcapsular space of the pancreata,normal saline was administered to the control(C) group,phosphate buffer solution(PBS) -containing liposome to the Pgroup,and clodronate-containing liposome to the Tgroup through tail veins.Blood samples were obtained from the superior mesenteric vein at 2 and 6 h to measure the levels of amylase,interleukin-6(IL-6) ,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) .Morphological changes in the pancreata and lung were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining,while cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) .In addition,the macrophage marker cluster of differentiation 68(CD68) in lung tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry.Results:Blood levels of amylase,IL-6,and TNF-αwere significantly increased in the Pgroup compared to those in the Tgroup(P0.05) .In the Tgroup,large numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were observed,but no or few in the C and Pgroups.Gross inspection and HE staining of pancreata and lung showed dramatic tissue damage,including inflammation and necrosis in the Pgroup.Less remarkable changes were noted in the Tgroup,and the C group exhibited normal histology.The histological scores according to Kaiser's criteria were consistent with HE findings.The number of CD68-positive macrophages decreased in the Tgroup.Conclusions:Clodronate-containing liposomes have a protective effect against ALI in rats with SAP.Blockade of macrophages may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in SAP.