The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

一种基于Java注解和反射机制的Excel文件读写操作方法

使用一种基于Java注解和反射机制的改进型Excel文件读写操作方法,实现了Excel文件底层读写过程与Java应用软件业务规则操作的分离,有效解决了java传统技术中采用JexcelAPI接口直接操作Excel文件读写的耦合问题。     

Three “centuries”: the context and development of rural construction in China

If the shoe doesn’t fit, it is a mistake to change the foot, but in essence this is what occurred in 20th-century China, in the context of rural construction. Motivated by self-preservation, nationalist forces in China resisted the hasty, indiscriminate and harmful importation (indeed, imposition) of western influences, but these external influences ultimately predominated over traditional domestic practices. Radical ideologies evolved, destroying traditional construction methods while promoting ill-conceived, but ostensibly “modern” counterparts, or chaotic syntheses of old and new. Rural economies were devastated, to the despair of peasants. The internal response to external stimulus had become far more damaging, the cure its own fatal disease. Amid ongoing efforts at reconstruction, local committees were formed that varied in efficiency, and successive waves of rural construction featured a wide array of approaches, far more than merely “top down” or “bottom up (grassroots).” And yet, while conditions have improved, the symptoms of radical response persist. The proper cure should be context-dependent reform.     

口语测试量表设计方法的审视与思考

从介绍的角度审视现成口语测试量表设计的主要种类和特点;对比量表设计的优劣;探讨合适的设计方法和可行性。     

Impacts of social economic status on higher education opportunity and graduate employment in China

Based on a nation-wide survey of higher education graduates, this paper analyzes the impact of family background, using paternal occupation and education as indicators, on their scores in the National College Entrance Examination, the level and type of higher education institutions they attend, their employment after graduation, and the income they receive from their first job. It has been found that there are wide disparities among students with different family backgrounds in both access to higher education and their potential employment in China nowadays. This paper also studies how those influences happen. __________ Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2005 July (3)     

学费:谁之痛?

学费是近年来全国之痛。即使是中央政府的领导人,也时时牵挂着学费问题,为还没能够把人民最关心的上学等问题解决得最好而最感痛心。如果人们能够客观公正地看待国家为缓解民众的学费压力所进行的努力,那么就可以真切地看到:从总体上看,在社会各方面都需要国家增加财政拨款的背景下,至今国家不仅承担了义务教育公办学校的绝大部分教育经费,还承担了各级教育公办学校的大部分经费。2004年全国预算内教育拨款在国家财政总支出中所占份额已超过1/7,在国家各项财政支出中位居第四。国家在高等学校建立并实施了以国家助学贷款为主体的多元化资助…     

基于在线开放课程的大学英语教学模式在听障全纳学生中的应用

在"互联网+"的时代,在听障全纳专业大学生的大学英语教学过程中引入基于在线开放课程的教学模式具有重要的理论和现实意义。本论文是基于在线开放课程的大学英语教学模式在听障全纳学生中的课堂教学实践。实践表明,引入基于在线开放课程的教学模式后,提高了听障全纳学生学习的主动性,增加了教师的教学密度,使学生可以进行个性化学习,学生英语成绩显著提高,四六级通过率也大幅上升。在线开放课程在听障全纳学生的大学英语教学中的应用初见成效。     

合作教育思潮与当代教学实践

合作教育学以研究与利用课堂教学的人际关系为基点，以目标设计为先导，以师生、先生和师师合作为基本动力，是一种具有创意和实效的教学理论。     

微文化背景下大学生思想政治教育研究

随着微文化的不断发展,全国各地大学生的沟通交流方式越来越趋向于网络流行化。就现实角度而言,微文化动摇了高校思想政治教育的权威性,对传统思政教育的模式以及内容皆产生了一定的冲击,增加了高校思政教育者的难度,弱化了学生对主流价值观的认同。文中首先就微文化进行简要概述,其次针对微文化背景下的大学生思政教育提出有效的策略。     

开公交车，做志愿者孔胜东：开公交车，做志愿者

在杭州,有一个人远近闻名,他就是曾获全国劳动模范、浙江道德模范、“最美浙江人”、“浙江骄傲人物”等荣誉的杭州公交28路3-4808号车司机孔胜东。2015年10月,他又荣获了第五届全国道德模范称号。