美食和妈妈为先的意大利

像一只踏入地中海的靴子,意大利这个国家就如它的地形一样,注定妖娆多姿.在意大利,现代风情与古老文明并存.作为文艺复兴的发源地,意大利拥有无数艺术、文学大师和经典作品.作为当代时尚潮流集中地,意大利又聚集了全世界最多的高级品牌.     

Effect of hand paddles and parachute on backstroke coordination and stroke parameters

Hand paddles and parachutes have been used in order to overload swimmers, and consequently increase the propulsive force generation in swimming. However, their use may affect not only kinematical parameters (average speed, stroke length and stroke rate), but also time gaps between propulsive phases, assessed through the index of coordination (IdC). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of hand paddles and parachute use, isolated or combined, on kinematical parameters and coordination. Eleven swimmers (backstroke 50-m time: 29.16 ± 1.43 s) performed four 15-m trials in a randomised order at maximal intensity: (1) without implements (FREE), (2) with hand paddles (HPD), (3) with parachute (PCH) and (4) with hand paddles plus parachute (HPD+PCH). All trials were video-recorded (60 Hz) in order to assess average speed, stroke rate, stroke length, five stroke phases and index of coordination. When average swimming speed was compared to FREE, it was lower in PCH and HPD+PCH, and higher in HPD. Stroke rate decreased in all overloaded trials compared to FREE. The use of hand paddles and parachute increased and decreased stroke length, respectively. In addition, propulsive phase duration was increased when hand paddles were used, and time gaps shifted towards zero (no time gap), especially when hand paddles were combined with parachute. It is conceivable that the combined use of hand paddles and parachute, once allowing overloading both propulsive and resistive forces, provides a specific stimulus to improve muscle strength and propulsive continuity.     

Art and Its Publics: Museum Studies at the Millennium: Andrew McClellan,ed.

New Interventions in Art History 2. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. 213 pages. Paperback, $24.95.     

The quick test as a screening device for gifted students

This study investigated the utility of the Quick Test in screening for gifted students; 57 identified gifted students were administered forms of the Ammons Quick Test. This screening instrument was unable to identify 60% of the sample tested as gifted.