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101.
Irineu Loturco Lucas Adriano Pereira Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad Facundo Tabares José Eduardo Moraes Ronaldo Kobal 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):734-741
This study aimed at testing whether there are mean propulsive velocities (MPVs) capable of maximising the mean propulsive power (MPP) during the execution of bench press (BP), bench throw (BT), half squat (HS) and jump squat (JS). Additionally, we assessed the differences in MPP/MPV between ballistic and traditional exercises. Seventeen male rugby sevens players performed MPP tests in BP, BT, HS and JS and maximum isometric force (MIF) tests in HS and BP. The JS presented higher MPP (977.4 ± 156.2 W) than the HS (897.9 ± 157.7 W) (P < 0.05); the BP (743.4 ± 100.1 W) presented higher MPP than the BT (697.8 ± 70.4 W) (P < 0.05). Ballistic exercises presented higher optimum MPV (JS = 1.02 ± 0.07 m·s?1; BT = 1.67 ± 0.15 m·s?1) than traditional exercises (HS = 0.93 ± 0.08 m·s?1; BP = 1.40 ± 0.13 m·s?1) (P < 0.05). The optimum MPP in the JS, BT, HS and BP occurred at 28.2 ± 5.79, 23.3 ± 4.24, 32.4 ± 9.46 and 27.7 ± 5.33% of the MIF, respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) of MPV at optimum MPP ranged from 7.4% to 9.7%, while the CV of %MIF ranged from 18.2% to 29.2%. The MPV is a more precise indicator of the optimum loads than the percentages of MIF due to its low inter-subject variability as expressed by CV. Therefore, MPV can be used to determine the optimum power load in the four investigated exercises. 相似文献
102.
Performance in situations where individuals from multiple countries are operating in a foreign culture is an underexplored domain of organizational behavior. We test hypothesized relationships between Big Five personality factors and dimensions of international performance using a sample of 232 international business students from 14 countries studying in Mexico. The results indicate differential relationships between personality factors and performance dimensions that emphasize interacting with host nationals and students from other countries, adjusting to a foreign environment, and maintaining a positive attitude in a foreign country. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for understanding and influencing performance in multi-cultural contexts. 相似文献
103.
The primary purpose of the study reported here was to examine whether phonological processes are the same or different in
low literacy adults and children with or without reading disabilities in a consistent orthography. A sample of 150 subjects
was selected and organized into four different groups: 53 low literacy adults, 29 reading disabled children, 27 younger normal
readers at the same reading level as those with reading disabilities and low literacy adults, and 41 normal readers matched
in age with the reading disabled group. We administered phonological awareness tasks which included items with different complexity
of syllable structure. The results showed that the complexity of syllable structure had not a particularly marked effect on
low literacy adults. Rather, the deletion task revealed the phonological deficit in low literacy adults across all syllable
structures. 相似文献
104.
There is a concern that the teaching of subjects is applied not only with support from a set of technological devices, but largely in the proper use of teaching and new technologies. Taking this idea, the authors develop a research and sustainable design that result in educational materials in solid content and technological innovation, also to have the benefit of learning process of a particular subject. The project is in its stage of development of educational materials, which indicates that only the experiment is missing. 相似文献
105.
Learning to discriminate stimuli can alter how one distinguishes related stimuli. For instance, training an individual to
differentiate between two stimuli along a single dimension can alter how that individual generalizes learned responses. In
this study, we examined the persistence of shifts in generalization gradients after training with sounds. University students
were trained to differentiate two sounds that varied along a complex acoustic dimension. The students were subsequently tested
on their ability to recognize a sound that they had experienced during training when it was presented among several novel
sounds varying along this same dimension. Peak shift was observed in Experiment 1, in which generalization tests immediately
followed training, and in Experiment 2, in which the tests were delayed by 24 h. These findings further support the universality
of generalization processes across species, modalities, and levels of stimulus complexity. They also raise new questions about
the mechanisms underlying learning-related shifts in generalization gradients. The sound stimuli from this study are available
as .wav files from http://lb.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
106.
Moura FA Martins LE Anido Rde O de Barros RM Cunha SA 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):85-96
The purpose of this study was to characterise Brazilian teams' coverage area and spread on the pitch while attacking and defending and to analyse the teams' organisation in tackle and shot on goal situations. We obtained the trajectories of 223 players in eight games with a tracking method. Team area was defined as the area of the convex hull formed by players' positions. Team spread was defined as the Frobenius norm of the distance-between-player matrix. We calculated teams' area and spread over time and in situations of shots on goal (n = 233) and tackles (n = 1897). While the players attacked, spread and area (median +/- confidence interval) ranged from 322.9 +/- 0.8 to 387.8 +/- 1.0 m and from 905.4 +/- 4.4 to 1407.6 +/- 5.5 m2, respectively. On defence, the values were smaller (p < 0.05) and ranged from 283.4 +/- 0.9 to 325.8 +/- 0.9 m and from 773.8 +/- 4.6 to 1158.4 +/- 5.5 m2 for the spread and the area. In defending circumstances, the teams presented a greater area and spread when they suffered shots on goal than when the teams performed tackles. In attacking situations, the teams presented a greater area and spread when they suffered tackles than when they performed shots on goal. The results allowed showing the attacking-defending interaction between Brazilian teams. 相似文献
107.
Eduardo Veras Karan Khokar Redwan Alqasemi Rajiv Dubey 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(7):2268-2280
In this paper we present a novel concept of shared autonomous and teleoperation control of a remote manipulator with a laser-based assistance in a hard real-time environment for people with disabilities to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The laser pointer enables the user to make high-level decisions, such as target object selection, and it enables the system to generate a trajectories and virtual constraints to be used for autonomous motion or scaled teleoperation. Autonomous, position-teleoperation and velocity-teleoperation control methods have been implemented in the control code. Scaling and virtual fixtures have been used in the teleoperation based control depending on the user preference.A real-time QNX operating system has been used to control a PUMA 560 robotic arm using a Phantom Omni master through a TCP/IP port. A SICK laser range finder was used to for the telerobotic control. The system was implemented with different control modes, and three healthy human subjects were trained to use the system for a pick-and-place task. Data were collected and presented for different control modes, and a comparison between these modes based on the time to complete the task was presented. 相似文献
108.
Blanca S. Leon Alma Y. Alanis Edgar N. Sanchez Fernando Ornelas-Tellez Eduardo Ruiz-Velazquez 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(5):1851-1870
In this paper, inverse optimal neural control for trajectory tracking is applied to glycemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. The proposed control law calculates the adequate insulin delivery rate in order to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia levels in T1DM patients. Two models are used: (1) a nonlinear compartmental model in order to obtain type 1 diabetes mellitus virtual patient behavior, and (2) a neural model obtained from an on-line neural identifier, which uses a recurrent neural network, trained with the extended Kalman filter (EKF); the last one allows the applicability of an inverse optimal neural controller. The proposed algorithm is tuned to track a desired trajectory; this trajectory reproduces the glucose absorption of a healthy person. The applicability of the proposed control scheme is illustrated via simulations. 相似文献
109.
Bruno Goncalves Galdino da Costa Jean-Philippe Chaput Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes Luis Eduardo Argenta Malheiros Kelly Samara Silva 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(2):252-259
Background:Physical activity,sleep,and sedentary behaviors compose 24-h movement behaviors and have been independently associated with depressive symptoms.However,it is not clear whether it is the movement behavior itself or other contextual factors that are related to depressive symptoms.The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between self-reported and accelerometer-measured movement behaviors and depressive symptoms in adolescents.Methods:Cross-sectional data from 610 adolescents(14-18 years old)were used.Adolescents answered questions from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale and reported time spent watching videos,playing videogames,using social media,time spent in various physical activities,and daytime sleepiness.Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure sleep duration,sleep efficiency,sedentary time,and physical activity.Mixed-effects logistic regressions were used.Results:Almost half of the adolescents(48%)were classified as being at high risk for depression(score≥20).No significant associations were found between depressive symptoms and accelerometer-measured movement behaviors,self-reported non-sport physical activity,watching videos,and playing videogames.However,higher levels of self-reported total physical activity(odd ratio(OR)=0.92,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.86-0.98)and volume of sports(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.79-0.97),in minutes,were associated with a lower risk of depression,while using social media for either 2.0-3.9 h/day(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.58-2.70)or>3.9 h/day(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.10-2.54),as well as higher levels of daytime sleepiness(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.12-1.22),were associated with a higher risk of depression.Conclusion:What adolescents do when they are active or sedentary may be more important than the time spent in the movement behaviors because it relates to depressive symptoms.Targeting daytime sleepiness,promoting sports,and limiting social media use may benefit adolescents. 相似文献
110.
Inclusive education inherently involves the inclusion of all citizens in a democratic society. Based on this view, questions
emerge with respect to equality and integration in educational systems. Although inclusion should be viewed as a requirement
in a democratic society, along with the integration in schools of students from different social groups, the concept rarely
becomes reality, despite its frequent acceptance in discourse. This article analyzes mechanisms that inhibit agreement on
how equality and inclusion can be put into practice in education, taking as an example the case of Chile. One inhibitor is
a lack of in-depth discussions about the major tendencies prevailing in contemporary educational systems. In addition, three
types of segregation are linked to children’s exclusion from schools: charges for educational services, schools’ selection
processes and the use of economic incentives. Finally, the article presents possible consequences of two pedagogical orientations:
towards autonomous schools and flexible curriculum. 相似文献