Effects of cross-modal transfer on direct and reversal learning in the rat

In the first experiment, using within- and between-sensory modality CSs, direct and reversal transfer of active avoidance learning was studied in 48 male and 48 female albino rats. Training in each of two sessions employed either a high- or low-intensity light or noise CS. The analyses of both raw score data and proportional or savings score data indicated significant cross-modal transfer in direct as well as reversal learning conditions. Although females learned faster than males, there were no sex differences in amount of transfer. A second experiment, which examined the potential of compound conditioning within the cross-modal learning procedures, replicated the cross-modal results of the first experiment without finding evidence for compound conditioning. These results are interpreted in terms of specific and nonspecific transfer effects during avoidance learning.     

Una aproximación socio-histórica a la re-mediación

La adquisición de la lectoescritura plantea en nuestras sociedades numerosos problemas que tradicionalmente se le han achacado al individuo como portador de déficits específicos que estarían en la base de cualquier dificultad a la hora de enfrentarse a un texto escrito. Si tenemos en cuenta el origen socio-histórico del proceso lector, nos daremos cuenta de que al niño se le exige en los primeros años de escolaridad un esfuerzo que la humanidad realizó gradualmente y con el apoyo de sucesivos sistemas mediadores que hoy se han suprimido en el proceso de aprendizaje. En este artículo, los autores proponen recuperar esos sistemas mediadores tanto para la enseñanza de la lectoescritura como para la recuperación de los malos lectores.     

A New System for Classifying Children in the Jewish School

Members of the clergy provide a great deal of counseling. How did this come about? How are they prepared for this role? In what capacity is this role played by rabbis? Do rabbis feel their training is adequate for what they are called upon to do? What are the implications of this for both education and professional development of rabbis? This article addresses these questions historically and through presentation of an empirical study of Conservative rabbis who studied at the Jewish Theological Seminary and are currently in the pulpit.