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141.
To evaluate the effects of an intensive tertiary reading intervention, 27 students with severe reading difficulties and disabilities, 14 of whom had demonstrated an inadequate response to 1-2 tiers of prior reading instruction, received a 16-week intervention package involving decoding and fluency skills. The decoding intervention was provided for 2 hours per day for 8 weeks and was based on the Phono-Graphix program. The fluency intervention followed the decoding intervention and involved 1 hour of daily instruction for 8 weeks based on the Read Naturally program. The 16-week intervention resulted in significant improvement in reading decoding, fluency, and comprehension. Although individual responses to the intervention were variable, 12 of the 27 students showed a significant response to these interventions. Students who had participated in previous Tier 1 plus Tier 2 interventions but remained impaired had a stronger response to intervention in the current study than students who had previously participated only in Tier 1 intervention and students who had not received prior intervention outside of special education. 相似文献
142.
Anthony JL Williams JM McDonald R Corbitt-Shindler D Carlson CD Francis DJ 《Annals of dyslexia》2006,56(2):239-270
Phonological awareness (PA), phonological memory (PM), and phonological access to lexical storage (also known as RAN), play
important roles in acquiring literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological
processing abilities (PPAs) in 147 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children whose native language was Spanish. Confirmatory factor
analysis (CFA) supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general cognitive ability and separate from each other.
Moreover, structural equation modeling found RAN uniquely associated with knowledge of Spanish letter names and Spanish letter
sounds. PA was found the best predictor of children’s ability to distinguish alphabetic text from nonalphabetic text. Finally,
general cognitive ability was only indirectly associated with emergent literacy skills via PPAs. These results highlight the
importance of PPAs in the early literacy development of native Spanish speaking preschool children. 相似文献
143.
A sample of 187 female students, attending a sixth‐form study day on religious studies, completed a questionnaire containing four scales concerned with assessing: attitude towards theistic religion, attitude towards science, scientism and creationism. The data demonstrated a negative correlation between attitude towards religion and attitude towards science. However, this negative correlation was transformed into a positive correlation after taking into account individual differences in the students’ views about scientism and creationism. The implications of this finding are discussed in the context of the increasing support within society for the teaching of alternatives to evolution within the science curriculum. The authors argue both that it is important to challenge scientism by developing a better understanding of the role and limits of scientific methods, and that religious belief about creation should be recognised as essentially a claim about the ontological dependence of nature rather than about the details of its origins and development. 相似文献
144.
The relative effects of group size on reading progress of older students with reading difficulties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vaughn S Wanzek J Wexler J Barth A Cirino PT Fletcher J Romain M Denton CA Roberts G Francis D 《Reading and writing》2010,23(8):931-956
This study reports findings on the relative effects from a yearlong secondary intervention contrasting large-group, small-group,
and school-provided interventions emphasizing word study, vocabulary development, fluency, and comprehension with seventh-
and eighth-graders with reading difficulties. Findings indicate that few statistically significant results or clinically significant
gains were associated with group size or intervention. Findings also indicate that a significant acceleration of reading outcomes
for seventh- and eighth-graders from high-poverty schools is unlikely to result from a 50 min daily class. Instead, the findings
indicate, achieving this outcome will require more comprehensive models including more extensive intervention (e.g., more
time, even smaller groups), interventions that are longer in duration (multiple years), and interventions that vary in emphasis
based on specific students’ needs (e.g., increased focus on comprehension or word study). 相似文献
145.
Francis J. Di Vesta 《教育心理学家》2013,48(2):67-75
Studies based on the methodology of Trait by Treatment Interaction (TTI) have tended to emphasize input‐output relations as they interact with individual differences. Consideration of intervening processes employed by learners has been neglected to the possible detriment of empirical and theoretical contributions. The development of taxonomies of how situations are coded and of the kinds of processes used by learners with different characteristics appears to be essential. Furthermore, assessment of individual differences must correspond to the theoretical demands of a given study. The attainment of these objectives requires renewed attention to carefully derived “theoretical”; statements of interlocking and dynamic relations among situations, traits, processes, and outcomes. 相似文献
146.
Ian J. O Sullivan Mark I. Johnson Karen Hind Sarah Breen Peter Francis 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1521-1533
Improvements in running economy (RE) are thought to lead to improvements in running performance (P). Multiple interventions have been designed with the aim of improving RE in middle and long-distance runners. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of interventions of at least 2-weeks’ duration on RE and P and to determine whether there is a relationship between changes in RE (ΔRE) and changes in running performance (ΔP). A database search was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. In accordance with a PRISMA checklist 10 studies reporting 12 comparisons between interventions and controls were included in the review. There was no correlation between percentage ΔRE and percentage ΔP (r = 0.46, P = 0.936, 12 comparisons). There was a low risk of reporting bias but an unclear risk of bias for other items. Meta-analyses found no statistically significant differences between interventions and controls for RE (SMD (95% CI) = ?0.37 (?1.43, 0.69), 204 participants, p = 0.49) or for P (SMD (95% CI) = ?0.65 (?26.02, 24.72, 204 participants, p = 0.99). There is a need for studies of greater statistical power, methodological quality, duration and homogeneity of intervention and population. Standardised measures of performance and greater control over non-intervention training are also required. 相似文献
147.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution, known to augment gastric emptying and post-exercise muscle glycogen re-synthesis, on performance during a subsequent bout of intense exercise. On three randomized visits, eight healthy men cycled to exhaustion at 73.0% (s = 1.3) maximal oxygen uptake (90 min, s = 15). Immediately after this, participants consumed a one-litre solution containing sugar-free flavoured water (control), 100 g of a low molecular weight glucose polymer or 100 g of a very high molecular weight glucose polymer, and rested on a bed for 2 h. After recovery, a 15-min time-trial was performed on a cycle ergometer, during which work output was determined. Post-exercise ingestion of the very high molecular weight glucose polymer solution resulted in faster and greater increases in blood glucose (P < 0.001) and serum insulin (P < 0.01) concentrations than the low molecular weight glucose polymer solution, and greater work output during the 15-min time-trial (164.1 kJ, s = 21.1) than both the sugar-free flavoured water (137.5 kJ, s = 24.2; P < 0.05) and the low molecular weight glucose polymer (149.4 kJ, s = 21.8; P < 0.05) solutions. These findings could be of practical importance for athletes wishing to optimize performance by facilitating rapid re-synthesis of the muscle glycogen store during recovery following prolonged sub-maximal exercise. 相似文献
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