逻辑经验主义的可证实原则述评

逻辑经验主义视可证实原则为判断任何命题(或陈述)是否具有意义的根本方法和重要标准。可证实原则包含经验证实和逻辑证实两方面内容。本文通过阐明可证实原则的合理性及其难以克服的缺陷,从而说明逻辑经验主义在寻求意义判定标准上的失败。     

十年来国内幼儿教师专业发展研究的热点、趋势及展望——基于CiteSpaceⅡ可视化分析

统计中国知网2003—2013年的相关文献,运用可视化工具Cite SpaceⅡ绘制图谱可以发现,十年来该领域研究热点主要集中在幼儿教师专业发展背景、对象、内容、方式四方面;今后研究趋势主要有相关理论知识的引入、专业成长路径的探索、国外先进经验的借鉴、新型教师培训方式以及信息技术与幼儿课程整合的探讨。面向现实,我国幼儿教师专业发展研究应注重理论与实践结合、外控式专业发展与内驱式自我发展统一、国外知识借鉴与国内经验总结结合、个体成长与集体发展共赢、传统载体与新型平台整合。     

Strength,Weakness, Opportunity,Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing face-to-face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three-dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models, and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources was to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveal the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy.     

Identifying needs and enhancing learning about climate change adaptation for water professionals at the post-graduate level

Using a participatory learning approach, we report on the delivery and evaluation of a climate change and risk assessment tool to help manage water risks within the agricultural sector. Post-graduate water-professional students from a range of countries, from both developed and emerging economies were involved in using this tool. Our approach included participative learning tools – group discussion, software, and risk matrices. The materials developed met the needs of the students, allowing these students to incorporate their learning and adapt the package of materials for use in their home countries. Analysis of evaluations show that the tools and materials are particularly useful and emphasizes the need for sound learning materials and tools, funding to deliver training, and policy support to accelerate education and adoption of authentic climate change adaptation practices. The expected benefits for water professionals about climate change will be translated into improved socioeconomic and environmental outcomes if adopted.     

AutoCAD图纸自动批阅和复制检测系统的研究与开发

实验和具体应用表明,AutoCAD图纸自动批阅和复制检测系统,能够有效减少学生复制作业的行为,降低了教师的工作量,并且批阅的结果较准确,提升了教学的质量.     

从合作原则的违反看中国传统相声的幽默效应

中国传统相声通常使用特定的修辞手法如隐喻、反语、夸张和谐音等,打破合作原则,生成会话隐义.这些"不合作"话语与相声中特定的情景因素重合,从而产生一种幽默滑稽的语言效果,使相声语言更加丰富多彩、诙谐有趣,从而增强了相声的艺术表达效果.     

The Teaching of French as a Mother Tongue

The 14th International Week of Educational and Teaching Films organised this year, as in 1976, for ICEM, by the Belgian Ministry of National Education and Culture, took place from 17 to 21 April in the Quality Inn Hotel, Antwerp. It was attended by 80 participants, the strong European contingent being joined by North Americans, Kuwaitis, Australians and Japanese.     

DIRECT NON‐VIOLENT ACTION AND THE LAW

This article was delivered as the plenary address at the Massachusetts Association for Bilingual Education Annual Conference, November, 1986. The style of the speech has been preserved.     

Television: The performance of nonresident students in the “economics U$A” telecourse

Abstract

Correspondence study represents the first and most persistent distance education format in American universities. Later called independent study, it enabled universities to disseminate instruction far beyond their campuses. Yet, national‐level leadership provided by the National University Continuing Education Association (NUEA) and its divisions has been relatively restrained. In contrast, leadership in the private correspondence school sector has been assertive, and sometimes even aggressive. The NUEA and its members shunned this approach, choosing instead to lead by persuasion and example. The NUEA developed standards of practice concerned primarily with replicating on‐campus teaching styles and values, rather than the promotion of distance education. With the abolition of its division structure, the NUEA's successor, the University Continuing Education Association (UCEA), has opted out of a leadership role in independent study. This paper concludes that the NUEA's initial attempt at leadership in distance education— while reasoned and principled—contained flaws that made failure inevitable.