Agreement in activity energy expenditure assessed by accelerometer and self-report in adolescents: variation by sex, age, and weight status

The agreement between self-reported and objective estimates of activity energy expenditure was evaluated in adolescents by age, sex, and weight status. Altogether, 403 participants (217 females, 186 males) aged 13-16 years completed a 3-day physical activity diary and wore a GT1M accelerometer on the same days. Partial correlations (controlling for body mass) were used to determine associations between estimated activity energy expenditure (kcal · min(-1)) from the diary and accelerometry. Differences in the magnitude of the correlations were examined using Fisher's r to z transformations. Bland-Altman procedures were used to determine concordance between the self-reported and objective estimates. Partial correlations between assessments of activity energy expenditure (kcal · min(-1)) did not differ significantly by age (13-14 years: r = 0.41; 15-16 years: r = 0.42) or weight status (normal weight: r = 0.42; overweight: r = 0.39). The magnitude of the association was significantly affected by sex (Δr = 0.11; P < 0.05). The agreement was significantly higher in males than in females. The relationship between activity energy expenditure assessed by the objective method and the 3-day diary was moderate (controlling for weight, correlations ranged between 0.33 and 0.44). However, the 3-day diary revealed less agreement in specific group analyses; it markedly underestimated activity energy expenditure in overweight/obese and older adolescents. The assessment of activity energy expenditure is complex and may require a combination of methods.     

Perception and action in golf putting: skill differences reflect calibration

We assessed how golfers cope with the commonly observed systematic overshoot errors in the perception of the direction between the ball and the hole. Experiments 1 and 2, in which participants were required to rotate a pointer such that it pointed to the center of the hole, showed that errors in perceived direction (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) are destroyed when the head is constrained to move within a plane perpendicular to the green. Experiment 3 compared the errors in perceived direction and putting errors of novice and skilled players. Unlike the perceived direction, putting accuracy (in degrees of deviation from the perfect aiming line) was not affected by head position. Novices did show a rightward putting error, while skilled players did not. We argue that the skill-related differences in putting accuracy reflect a process of recalibration. Implications for aiming in golf are discussed.     

Can self-esteem protect against the deleterious consequences of self-objectification for mood and body satisfaction in physically active female university students?

Using objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), this study tested the interaction between self-objectification, appearance evaluation, and self-esteem in predicting body satisfaction and mood states. Participants (N = 93) were physically active female university students. State self-objectification was manipulated by participants wearing tight revealing exercise attire (experimental condition) or baggy exercise clothes (control condition). Significant interactions emerged predicting depression, anger, fatness, and satisfaction with body shape and size. For participants in the self-objectification condition who had low (as opposed to high) appearance evaluation, low self-esteem was associated with high depression, anger, and fatness and low satisfaction with body shape and size. In contrast, for participants with high self-esteem, these mood and body satisfaction states were more favorable irrespective of their levels of appearance evaluation. For female exercisers, self-esteem-enhancing strategies may protect against some of the negative outcomes of self-objectification.     

数字化时代世界传媒经济研究的新转向——与罗伯特·G·皮卡德教授的座谈会对话录

2014年6月3日下午,罗伯特·G·皮卡德教授在清华大学杭敏教授等人的陪同下,来到了中国人民大学新闻学院,同喻国明教授及广告与传媒经济系的教师及博士生展开了将近两个小时的座谈。对话内容围绕2014年"世界传媒经济暨管理学术会议"的研究热点、皮卡德教授所在的路透研究所的最新研究课题展开,并对未来传媒经济发展趋势进行了展望:包括基于互联网的传媒经济形态的变化、媒介整合盈利模式、大数据在新闻业的应用、新闻的自动化和个性化生产等。     

近亲繁殖Ⅲ

关于配对的问题大家都有一大堆不同的意见,可是事实上鸽子繁殖的真正概念是怎样的呢?如果你还一头雾水的话,就来看看专家给你作的详细讲解吧。     

关于赛鸽的喂养

G·范格雷姆贝根教授认为从饮食角度出发,回归自然的做法比任何方法都重要。只要饲料中含有各类种籽粮,赛鸽就能决定自己的食谱。“满碗”的方法不但最简单易行,而且是最好的方法。     

鸽子飞行时的编队排列

你知道吗?鸽子结队飞行时与一般禽鸟的倒V字队形有些不同,领头鸽更是不同;而鸽子降落时的头部活动呢?是否会干扰视觉灵敏度?且听专家一席高见。     

气候·人类·地球

随着工业化进程脚步的加快,现代化痕迹遍布生活的每个角落,同时人类也不得不面临现代化生产给自然气候带来的不容忽视的严重影响。我们在渐渐失去冬天……