学校体育课的内容

(二)身体练习 1.运动项目是教材计划的基础在作教学计划时,总得决定选择什么样的身体练习和在计划中怎样安排它们。各社会主义国家中高年级的体育课教学计划虽有一定的区别,但主要都是根据运动项目制定的。民主德国体育课教学计划中包括以下的运动项目: 田径、球类(任选一种:篮球、足球、手球,其次是排球、做榄球、曲棍球、拳球)、器械体操、艺术体操(女生)、游泳,滑雪(根据当地的条件)。在各社会主义国家中,运动项目都是体育教学计划的基础,根据各国的条件和传统而有     

美国新闻与大众传播研究

引言正如鱼在的世界里全然感觉不到水的存在一样,美国学术界直到不久以前也基本上忽视了新闻学的存在。虽然我们宪法的制订者们曾认真思考过新闻事业在民主社会中的作用,虽然从历史上看许多新闻工作者也凭经验进行探索,并取得了许多对现化学术研究极为有用的成果,但是,人们至今用传统的学究式的清规戒律衡量新闻工作者。不过,人们从实用主义的角度出发,对如何通过新闻宣传来贏得战争胜利的问题和如何吸引大量受众接收20世纪大传媒公司节目的问题的关注,以及对传播内容短期社会效果问     

过度训练—是生理性还是心理性问题?

芬兰著名运动员PAVVO NURMI曾经出现对训练感到厌倦的情况,从偶而一过性直到对消耗性训练方法本身感到厌倦。至少从那时起,医生们就认识到运动员在训练中的某些时候可能会出现“疲惫”状态。一个人对紧张反应具有一定的适应能力,当这一能力被超过的时候,不良反应就会接仲而来,从而导致疾病、受伤或运动能力低下。运动     

做情绪的主人——谈教师情感发展训练

情绪就象空气,无论我们做什么,学什么,想什么,都伴随着情绪。情绪高昂时,会使人精神焕发,欢快愉悦,感觉生活充满阳光。情绪低落时,又会让人垂头丧气,提不起精神,感觉生活缺乏希望。对于情绪的掌控,关键在于如何进行调节和利用。作为经常要面对学生、家长的教师,如何才能对情感加以优化,更好地控制情绪呢？     

发展中国家研究型大学的作用:引领国家和全球知识经济发展

研究型大学是各国学术系统的核心部分.研究型大学的发展可以推动各国知识经济的成功.国际顶尖期刊的编辑、作者和评阅人都来自研究型大学,同时,研究型大学能够获取全球知识信息,汇聚各类学者团体,资助教师参与国际专业学术机构和国际会议,并位于互联网革命的中心,因此,开展国际学术知识交流和参与到国际学术网络中是发展中国家研究型大学的核心使命.研究型大学作为“知识的仓库”和“批判中心”,面临着全球化带来的机遇和挑战.在高等教育国际化进程中,发展中国家的研究型大学面临着语言的困境,并且亟需改善学术职业的条件.从卓越的研究型大学的典型特征来分析,各国应该思考如何改善研究型大学的基础设施和智力氛围以使其迈向成功.     

Red pigment production by Penicillium purpurogenum GH2 is influenced by pH and temperature

The combined effects of pH and temperature on red pigment production and fungal morphology were evaluated in a submerged culture of Penicillium purpurogenum GH2, using Czapek-Dox media with d-xylose as a carbon source. An experimental design with a factorial fix was used: three pH values (5, 7, and 9) and two temperature levels (24 and 34 °C) were evaluated. The highest production of red pigment (2.46 g/L) was reached with a pH value of 5 and a temperature of 24 °C. Biomass and red pigment production were not directly associated. This study demonstrates that P. purpurogenum GH2 produces a pigment of potential interest to the food industry. It also shows the feasibility of producing and obtaining natural water-soluble pigments for potential use in food industries. A strong combined effect (p<0.05) of pH and temperature was associated with maximal red pigment production (2.46 g/L).     

Risk of venous thromboembolic disease in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy

Objective  

The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on hemostasis processes depends on the type of hormone, the combination of doses, the time of taking HRT, and the route of administration (oral, transdermal, implanted). The aim of the current study was to assess some parameters of coagulation, especially tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and tissue factor (TF) in postmenopausal women using oral or transdermal HRT.     

A multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of polyethylene glycol recombinant human interleukin-6 (PEG-rhIL-6) in rats

Radiation therapy has been widely applied in cancer treatment. However, it often causes thrombocytopenia (deficiency of white blood cells) as an adverse effect. Recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) has been found to be a very effective way against this thrombocytopenia, but IL-6 has low stability in blood, which reduces its efficacy. To increases the stability and half-life of rhIL-6, it was modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of PEG-rhIL-6 labeled with ¹²⁵I were examined after subcutaneous injection in rats. The pharmacokinetic pattern of PEG-rhIL-6 was defined with linear-kinetics, and we fitted a one-compartment model with half-lives of 10.44–11.37 h (absorption, t _{1/2K a}) and 19.77–21.53 h (elimination, t _1/2Ke), and peak concentrations at 20.51–21.96 h (t _peak) in rats. Half-lives and t _peak of PEG-rhIL-6 were longer than those of rhIL-6 previously reported. In the present study, for deposition of PEG-rhIL-6 in rats, the tissue distribution examination showed that blood was the major organ involved, rather than liver. However, as to the elimination of PEG-rhIL-6, the major organ was the kidney. The excretion fraction of the injection dose recovered from urine was 23.32% at 192 h after subcutaneous administration. Less than 6% of PEG-rhIL-6 was eliminated via the feces at 192 h. These results indicate that PEG-rhIL-6 is a good candidate drug formulation for patients with cancer.