UNIMARC Format Relevance: Maintenance or Replacement?

This article presents an empirical study focused on a qualitative analysis of the UNIMARC format. An analysis of the structural quality of the data provided by the format is evaluated to determine its current suitability for meeting the requirements and trends in data architecture for the information network and the Semantic Web. Driven by a set of quality characteristics that identify weaknesses in the data schema that cannot be bridged by simply converting data to MARC XML or RDF/XML, we conclude that the UNIMARC format is not compliant with the current metadata schema desiderata and must be replaced.     

中美高校手机图书馆现状调查及其比较分析

近年来,手机图书馆在国内外受到越来越多的关注。为了全面了解手机图书馆在中美高校图书馆的发展现状,本文选取了美国U.S.News 2010年8月美国大学排行榜中的前50所高校,以及中国"985工程"高校图书馆作为研究对象,分别从服务模式以及服务内容两个角度进行分析和比较研究。     

安娜·卡列尼娜和爱玛爱情悲剧比较

"幸福的家庭都是相似的,不幸的家庭各有各的不幸".安娜·卡涅尼娜和爱玛这两个可悲的女人,不幸的婚姻摧残了她们洋溢着激情的身心,不幸的爱情又泯灭了她们对生活的最后渴望.尽管她们恋爱过、追求过,可最终仍被那罪恶的时代所吞噬.历来在评论界见仁见智的评论中,人们更注重社会的原因,而忽略了她们的个人因素.     

需求规模是诱发本地市场效应的唯一因素吗?

基于非位似偏好的贸易理论研究表明,收入分布将会通过需求结构影响一国的进出口商品结构。本文通过包含了需求结构因素的重力方程对我国与主要贸易伙伴国在分档次消费品双边贸易中是否存在本地市场效应进行检验。结果表明,同一门类下不同档次产品的本地市场效应存在差异;同时,需求结构随需求规模在不同区间呈现对本地市场效应的差异化影响,其政策含义是,适应并合理利用当前的收入分布状况和需求结构,尽快挖掘立足本土需求的内生驱动因素,减少对外部环境的依赖,实现产品本地市场效应。     

社会工作专业实践教学探析

社会工作实践教学在社会工作专业训练中具有重要意义。应从思想观念、制度建设及科学考核方面建构科学的社会工作实践教学体系。在社会工作实践教学中应重点关注:实验室、实习基地与毕业论文的三大环节;具有实务理念与能力的师资;对社会工作专业实践教学进行科学研究。     

Preschool teachers and classroom aides: Same context,similar perceptions of children's behaviors?

This study explored the correspondence and differences between school staff perceptions of preschool children's social skills and behavior problems. One hundred preschoolers were assessed by 14 pairs of teachers and classroom aides with the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales – 2^nd Edition (PKBS‐2 Portuguese version). Indexes of agreement and disagreement were calculated. Risk levels and item analyses of PKBS‐2 scores according to both informants' ratings were compared. A higher level of agreement was obtained for social skills scores than for behavior problems (mean correlation of .62). No statistically significant differences between informants were obtained for the risk levels, and item analyses revealed a similar pattern of behaviors that were most and least rated by both informants. Results indicate that the classroom aides' perspective on preschool assessment represents a reliable input, which justifies that they network with teachers in addressing preschoolers' social‐emotional and behavioral challenges.     

Cognitive and environmental predictors of early literacy skills

Not all young children benefit from book exposure in preschool age. It is claimed that the ability to hold information in mind (short-term memory), to ignore distraction (inhibition), and to focus attention and stay focused (sustained attention) may have a moderating effect on children’s reactions to the home literacy environment. In a group of 228 junior kindergarten children with a native Dutch background, with a mean age of 54.29 months (SD = 2.12 months), we explored therefore the relationship between book exposure, cognitive control and early literacy skills. Parents filled in a HLE questionnaire (book sharing frequency and an author recognition checklist as indicator of parental leisure reading habits), and children completed several tests in individual sessions with the researcher (a book-cover recognition test, PPVT, letter knowledge test, the subtests categories and patterns of the SON, and cognitive control measures namely digit span of the KABC, a peg tapping task and sustained attention of the ANT). Main findings were: (1) Children’s storybook knowledge mediated the relationship between home literacy environment and literacy skills. (2) Both vocabulary and letter knowledge were predicted by book exposure. (3) Short-term memory predicted vocabulary over and above book exposure. (4) None of the cognitive control mechanisms moderated the beneficial effects of book exposure.     

中西教育的比较与借鉴

东西方由于有着各自的文化传统和文化传承方式,因此在教育理念和方法上也有很大的差异。西方教育环境比较宽松,重视学生质疑能力培养,注重学生研究能力培养,以及与生活相联系的教学内容和讲求实效的学习方式,值得研究和借鉴。     

The Role of Anatomy Computer-Assisted Learning on Spatial Abilities of Medical Students

Currently, medical education context poses different challenges to anatomy, contributing to the introduction of new pedagogical approaches, such as computer-assisted learning (CAL). This approach provides insight into students' learning profiles and skills that enhance anatomy knowledge acquisition. To understand the influence of anatomy CAL on spatial abilities, a study was conducted. A total of 671 medical students attending Musculoskeletal (MA) and Cardiovascular Anatomy (CA) courses, were allocated to one of three groups (MA Group, CA Group, MA + CA Group). Students' pre-training and post-training spatial abilities were assessed through Mental Rotations Test (MRT), with scores ranging between 0-24. After CAL training sessions, students' spatial abilities performance improved (9.72 ± 4.79 vs. 17.05 ± 4.57, P < 0.001). Although male students in both MA Group and CA Group show better baseline spatial abilities, no sex differences were found after CAL training. The improvement in spatial abilities score between sessions (Delta MRT) was correlated with Musculoskeletal Anatomy training sessions in MA Group (r = 0.333, P < 0.001) and MA + CA Group (r = 0.342, P < 0.001), and with Cardiovascular Anatomy training sessions in CA Group (r = 0.461, P = 0.001) and MA + CA Group (r = 0.324, P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression models were used, considering the Delta MRT as dependent variable. An association of Delta MRT to the amount of CAL training and the baseline spatial abilities was observed. The results suggest that CAL training in anatomy has positive dose-dependent effect on spatial abilities.     

中国荚蒾属植物孢粉学研究

对国产荚蒾属Viburnum Linn．植物花粉的光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察表明：1．花粉特征在组间的分类学意义不大，而在组内的每一种都具各自的花粉特征。2．表面纹饰类型包括(1)外壁具半覆盖层，网状纹饰，网脊光滑；(2)外壁具半覆盖层，网状纹饰，网脊上具瘤状突起；(3)外壁无覆盖层或部分成半覆盖层，具鼓锤状基柱或基柱网，基柱顶端具瘤状突起。3．沟类型包括：(1)沟沿处外壁无覆盖层；(2)沟沿处外壁具半覆盖层，网状纹饰；(3)沟沿处外壁具覆盖层；(4)在一极形成合沟。内孔类型包括(1)看不见明显的孔膜；(2)孔膜半球状，与外壁不连续；(3)孔膜半球状，与外壁相连续；(4)孔膜半椭圆球状，纵长；(5)孔膜半椭圆球状，横架于沟间而类似于桥。文中同时对若干组内分类学问题进行了探讨。