The effects of college grade adjustments on the predictive validity and utility of SAT scores

Regressing adjusted grade-point averages on freshman SAT scores and high school grade-point averages results in large increases in the incremental predictive validity of the SAT. Even so, the SAT still changes no more than a small proportion of admissions decisions and does not result in substantively important increases in freshman grades. The test does, however, change the composition of the freshman class by altering acceptances to some major areas of study and by limiting the access of women and blacks.     

Measures of Teachers' Workload

The measurement of teachers' workload has till now been subjective. Teachers feel that they have a great responsibility to their pupils and to society and their workload heavy, while non-teachers may have different views. This debate occurs even amongst teachers teaching different subjects and levels in a school as well as amongst teachers in different schools. A comparison of teachers' workload in different countries is also particularly difficult because of different class sizes, curriculum time, etc. It is therefore essential to provide a quantitative and objective measure for evaluating teachers' workload. This measure can then be used as a reference by school principals when allocating extra duties to teachers. It is also useful to education authorities when deploying teachers to various schools in centralized education systems.     

卢梭和马克思的异化理论比较

法文“aliéner”和“aliénation”现在通译成“异化”,它的本意是“转让”“出卖”。卢梭是在现代意义上使用“异化”概念的第一人,他认为,文明社会中的人与其正当的需求和本性相异化。马克思则认为,“异化”就是主体在发展过程中由于自身的活动而产生出自己的对立面———客体,而这种客体又成为一种外在的异己的力量反过来反对主体自身。他比较看重的是劳动异化。两位大师的异化理论,对处在现代化进程中的中国有着重要的启示。     

构建体现远程开放教育特点和规律的校园文化

在远程开放教育中加强校园文化建设,是素质教育理论与实践的重大突破,标志着对素质教育的认识步入一个新的阶段,也标志着对终身教育的认识步入一个新的阶段。远程开放教育条件下的校园文化建设,有其自身的特点和规律,必须坚持以人的全面发展为指导思想,以教育教学为主要依托,以网络环境为基本载体,以各类活动为重要手段,以社会实践为有机环节,以主体自觉为内在动力,在教育教学中贯穿素质教育,在网络环境中营造文化氛围,在各类活动中陶冶高尚情操,在社会实践中增强适应能力,在心理健康教育中完善人格,促进学生的素质提升和全面发展。     

北京志愿者协会之发展道路研究

本文首先对北京志愿者协会进行了概要介绍,接着对协会的优势劣势进行了解析,最后对于北京志愿者协会的发展道路进行了思考,指出北京志愿者协会可以和其他营利组织合作“创收”、实现协的独立和自主性、发展一种志愿服务的文化范围、形成有效的志愿者服务的激励机制。     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

Identifying future scientists: predicting persistence into research training

This study used semistructured interviews and grounded theory to look for characteristics among college undergraduates that predicted persistence into Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. training. Participants in the summer undergraduate and postbaccalaureate research programs at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine were interviewed at the start, near the end, and 8–12 months after their research experience. Of more than 200 themes considered, five characteristics predicted those students who went on to Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. training or to M.D. training intending to do research: 1) Curiosity to discover the unknown, 2) Enjoyment of problem solving, 3) A high level of independence, 4) The desire to help others indirectly through research, and 5) A flexible, minimally structured approach to the future. Web-based surveys with different students confirmed the high frequency of curiosity and/or problem solving as the primary reason students planned research careers. No evidence was found for differences among men, women, and minority and nonminority students. Although these results seem logical compared with successful scientists, their constancy, predictive capabilities, and sharp contrast to students who chose clinical medicine were striking. These results provide important insights into selection and motivation of potential biomedical scientists and the early experiences that will motivate them toward research careers.     

模态试验分析在教学中的应用和实践

模态试验分析是了解结构动态特性的有效手段.通过模态试验,可以计算出结构的固有频率、模态振型、阻尼比等参数,为结构设计与优化打下坚实的基础.在实验教学中,通过对模态试验的基本原理、主要步骤和试验中注意事项的介绍和分析,可以指导学生完成模态实验,加深学生对理论知识的理解和掌握,提高学生的动手能力、独立思考能力和分析解决问题的能力.     

具有"物理+能源"特色的物理学研究生创新实验平台的建设与实践

结合学校行业特色及学科特点,构建了具有"物理+能源"特色的物理学研究生创新实验教学体系,建设了现代物理技术与能源工程应用相结合的物理学研究生创新实验平台,改革了实验教学方法及教学模式,完善和建设了网络实验教学资源,建立了有效的实验平台管理运行机制.实践表明,所建立的物理学研究生创新实验平台在研究生培养方面取得了突出的成绩.     

生物化学综合性实验的探索与评价

以河北科技师范学院2005级生物科学、生物技术专业学生为样本,通过对生物化学综合性实验效果的调查,说明综合性实验在突出学生主体地位、激发学生兴趣等方面起到了积极的作用,能够在培养学生团队合作精神、科研能力等多方面综合能力的提升。