The relationship between qualified personnel and self-reported implementation of recommended physical education practices and programs in U.S. schools

The authors analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 to assess the associations between the presence of a district physical education coordinator and district-level physical education policies and practices recommended by federal government agencies and national organizations. The authors also examined the relationship between teacher qualifications and staff development related to physical education and self-reported implementation of recommended teachingpractices. District-level data were collected by self-administered mail questionnaires from a nationally representative sample of school districts. Classroom-level data were collected by computer-assisted personal interviews with teachers of randomly selected classes in elementary schools and randomly selected required physical education courses in middle/junior high and senior high schools. Nearly two thirds (62.2%) of districts had a physical education coordinator, and those were generally more likely than other districts to report having policies and practices that corresponded with national recommendations for high-quality physical education programs. More than two thirds of teachers (66.9%) met the criteria for teacher qualifications based on their education and certification. These teachers were more likely than others to report use of certain recommended physical education teaching practices. Teachers who participated in staff development also were more likely to use recommended teaching practices in their classrooms. Using a district physical education coordinator and teachers with appropriate qualifications as well as offering staff development opportunities on physical education may enhance school physical education programs.     

A single session of resistance exercise does not reduce postprandial lipaemia

This study investigated the effect of a single session of resistance exercise on postprandial lipaemia. Eleven healthy normolipidaemic men with a mean age of 23 (standard error = 1.4) years performed two trials at least 1 week apart in a counterbalanced randomized design. In each trial, participants consumed a test meal (1.2 g fat, 1.1 g carbohydrate, 0.2 g protein and 68 kJ x kg(-1) body mass) between 08.00 and 09.00 h following a 12 h fast. The afternoon before one trial, the participants performed an 88 min bout of resistance exercise. Before the other trial, the participants were inactive (control trial). Resistance exercise was performed using free weights and included four sets of 10 repetitions of each of 11 exercises. Sets were performed at 80% of 10-repetition maximum with a 2 min work and rest interval. Venous blood samples were obtained in the fasted state and at intervals for 6 h postprandially. Fasting plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration did not differ significantly between control (1.03 +/- 0.13 mmol x l(-1)) and exercise (0.94 +/- 0.09 mmol x l(-1)) trials (mean +/- standard error). Similarly, the 6 h total area under the plasma TAG concentration versus time curve did not differ significantly between the control (9.84 +/- 1.40 mmol l(-1) x 6 h(-1)) and exercise (9.38 +/- 1.12 mmol x l(-1) x 6 h(-1)) trials. These findings suggest that a single session of resistance exercise does not reduce postprandial lipaemia.     

記憶研究的幾個問題

巴甫洛夫的研究、把注意放在条件反射联系形成,保持,和其表现的考查上,创造了牢固科学的基础,以理解在心理学中基本上获得识记,保持,和再生的过程,及其敍述的特征是什麽,并进一步作有效的研究。原则上巴甫洛夫学说,是和唯心主义的行为主义观念本质上不同的。巴甫洛夫     

论力量、速度和耐力在训练程度不同的各个阶段中的生理学特点

最大的力量、速度和耐力这三种肌肉工作能力的指标,是衡量身体训练效果和人类运动机能完善程度的非常重要的标准.这些指标能说明:运动机能在各个年龄时期的变化情况,各种训练方法的效果,训练间歇的影响,急性疲劳的程度,有无训练     

斯大林論以共產主義道德精神培養青年一代

(一) 史達林對以共産主義道德精神培養青年一代的關懷 偉大的列寧事業的天才繼承者、勞動人民的英明領袖和導師約瑟夫·維薩里昂諾維奇·史達林在自己多方面的活動中,經常對青年一代的共産主義敎育問題給予巨大的注意。他從青年身上,看見了我們國家的未來,我們的前途。所以在蘇維埃國家建設的全部過程中,偉大的史達林對年青一代的積極自覺的共産主義建設者的教育,表現了父親般的關懷。史達林同志對於以共産主義道德精神去培養青年一代給予特別巨大的注意。史達林同志從列寧關於現代青年的敎育、敎養和敎學的全部事業必須服從     

論視導工作

提高教育科學的思想理論水平,改善教學方法,使教學方法與教學實際聯繫起來,鞏固學生的自覺紀律,培養有文化、有教養、有才能的公民,以顺利地建設社會主義社會,這是目前我們蘇聯學校光榮的、重大的任務。所有教學工作人員,都必須孜孜不倦地改進自己的工作,以完成這些任務;並且必须首先提高教學和教育工作的質量。視導員所担任的為保證學校教育的質量而實施的國家監督,在提高學校和教師的工作上,起着不少的作用。     

冰球运动员的专项耐力

提高高级冰球运动员的运动水平有两个途径,一是提高运动员的身体机能;二是提高技、战术水平.如果提高身体机能,就必须准确地掌握运动员现有的专项耐力水平和专项耐力(包括有氧和无氧耐力)的提高过程.在冰球运动员的综合测试中使用在塑胶跑道上阶梯式增加跑程的测试方法.在测试过程中采用通用计量程序.在冰上进行专项测试时,让冰球运动员做54米×6(从一球门线到另一球门线)的往返跑.用这种方法来测定冰球运动员的无氧耐力.在做往返跑的过程中没     

运动员维生素供应状况的评定

现代大量实验资料证明,在完成大运动量及高强度负荷时,机体对维生素的需求量增加,其中主要有维C、维B_1、维B_2、维P等。在运动实践中,特别是在比赛前和比赛期,所增加的需求量是靠补充每天的摄入量来实现的,并没有考虑人体中维生素状态的特殊性,既补充单一品种维生素,又补充各种复合维生素。我们的研究目的是在准备比赛的最后阶段,在出现缺乏维生素的情况下,用专门食品作     

Dielectrophoretic differentiation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts using contactless dielectrophoresis

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies in women. The primary challenge is the detection of the cancer at an early stage, since this drastically increases the survival rate. In this study we investigated the dielectrophoretic responses of progressive stages of mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells, as well as mouse fibroblast and macrophage cell lines, utilizing contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP). cDEP is a relatively new cell manipulation technique that has addressed some of the challenges of conventional dielectrophoretic methods. To evaluate our microfluidic device performance, we computationally studied the effects of altering various geometrical parameters, such as the size and arrangement of insulating structures, on dielectrophoretic and drag forces. We found that the trapping voltage of MOSE cells increases as the cells progress from a non-tumorigenic, benign cell to a tumorigenic, malignant phenotype. Additionally, all MOSE cells display unique behavior compared to fibroblasts and macrophages, representing normal and inflammatory cells found in the peritoneal fluid. Based on these findings, we predict that cDEP can be utilized for isolation of ovarian cancer cells from peritoneal fluid as an early cancer detection tool.