Water molecules bonded to the carboxylate groups at the inorganic–organic interface of an inorganic nanocrystal coated with alkanoate ligands

High-quality colloidal nanocrystals are commonly synthesized in hydrocarbon solvents with alkanoates as the most common organic ligand. Water molecules with an approximately equal number of surface alkanoate ligands are identified at the inorganic–organic interface for all types of colloidal nanocrystals studied, and investigated quantitatively using CdSe nanocrystals as the model system. Carboxylate ligands are coordinated to the surface metal ions and the first monolayer of water molecules is found to bond to the carboxylate groups of alkanoate ligands through hydrogen bonds. Additional monolayer(s) of water molecules can further be adsorbed through hydrogen bonds to the first monolayer of water molecules. The nearly ideal environment for hydrogen bonding at the inorganic–organic interface of alkanoate-coated nanocrystals helps to rapidly and stably enrich the interface-bonded water molecules, most of which are difficult to remove through vacuum treatment, thermal annealing and chemical drying. The water-enriched structure of the inorganic–organic interface of high-quality colloidal nanocrystals must be taken into account in order to understand the synthesis, processing and properties of these novel materials.     

The History of Modern Organized Badminton and the Men’s Team Thomas Cup Tournaments, 1948–1979

Modern organized international badminton began with the founding of the International Badminton Federation (IBF) in 1934, consisting of nine founding member associations. The inaugural men’s Thomas Cup tournament began in 1948 when 10 countries took part. Malaya won the Cup four times in 1949, 1952, 1955, and 1967. When Indonesia took part in the tournament for the first time in 1957, there were 19 competing teams. Indonesia won the triannual tournament seven times from 1957 to 1979. Throughout the 11 Thomas Cup tournaments, only two Asian countries have won the Cup. The only European country, Denmark, qualified to play in the finals five times without a single win. Malaya (later known as Malaysia), Indonesia, and Denmark became leading Thomas Cup teams because they produced singles and doubles players that won many All-England Badminton Championship titles. The winners of these titles were generally considered the world champions. The key sources of information for this research consisted of the IBF annual statutes for listing of participating nations, tournament programmes, and rare specialized books on badminton and the Thomas Cup competition. English language newspapers such as the Singapore Free Press and the Straits Times published historical match results for checking the secondary data collected.     

我国线上马拉松的发展现状及对策研究

运用文献资法和逻辑分析法对我国线上马拉松进行研究.指出我国线上马拉松发展迅速,规模不断扩大,但是还存在着运动员作弊、后勤保障体系不健全、赛事商业气息浓重、对运动员盲目参赛缺乏制度约束等问题.认为应该建立健全反作弊监控体系,保障赛事公正公平;建立健全线上医疗体系,及时监控跑者身体状况;健全法律法规,明确法律责任;建立并完善竞赛评估管理体系.旨在为我国线上马拉松这一新兴赛事的健康发展提供参考和帮助.     

机动车燃油质量及尾气排放与北京市大气污染的相关性

采用GC-MS等仪器分析手段对北京市各主要品牌的燃油进行质量分析,并建立以静稳天气下单位体积中的污染物日均变化为相对参照标准计算各污染物贡献率的新思路。首先研究机动车尾气各主要污染物（CO、HC、NO₂和SO₂）在单位体积的日均排放量,然后分别统计北京市两年（2013年11月-2015年10月）大气中各对应污染物实测的单位体积的日均变化量,再分别计算出汽车尾气对大气各污染物的贡献率。结果如下。1）北京市燃油普遍存在重金属含量超标,硫含量超标,不饱和芳烃含量超标,氮含量偏高（无国标制约）等问题。2）在供暖季,北京市汽车尾气排放的CO、NO₂和SO₂分别占总CO、NO₂和SO₂排放的30.1%、72.4%和6.6%;在非供暖季,汽车尾气排放的CO、NO₂和SO₂分别占总CO、NO₂和SO₂排放的53.3%、74.3%和20.3%;北京市汽车HC排放全年平均分担率约为67.8%。研究结果表明,燃油是北京市大气污染的主要原因。最后为北京市大气污染的有效治理提出具体的建议和措施。     

盐城市中小学武术操开展的现状研究

采用文献资料法、访谈法、观察法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,对盐城市6所中小学武术操开展现状进行研究,旨在为盐城市中小学武术操更好的开展提供参考和理论依据。研究表明,武术操在现阶段开展没有起到预期的效果,没有和广播体操区分开,对民族精神的认知较淡化;缺乏专业师资与专业、系统化培训;学校没有设置专门的评估、奖励和考核机制;多数学校缺少武术操配套教材;武术操开展形式与教学组织较单一,对学生学习兴趣影响较大。     

新中国成立以来排球类书籍综述

对1933年至2015年间314本具有代表性的排球类书籍进行对比与分析,结果发现:随着人们对排球运动认识的不断深入,以及各个时期不同的历史背景与特点,排球书籍的种类越来越多,基本可以满足人们对理论知识学习的需要,为了顺应时代的发展,有些地方还需要改进与提高.建议在出版的数量与种类上,继续丰富;在教材的更新上,缩短更新年限,有规律的进行更新.     

体外冲击波治疗网球肘的临床研究

目的:探讨体外冲击波(extracorporeal shock wave therapy,ESWT)治疗网球肘的可行性方法.方法:将40例网球肘患者随机分为靶点治疗组(BZ组)和靶点治疗肌肉松解组(BZJS组),每组各20例.BZ组患者应用体外冲击波在肘外侧最痛处进行靶点治疗,BZJS组患者在靶点治疗的基础上应用冲击波松解前臂伸肌群.两组患者在治疗前及治疗2次、4次、6次后分别进行视觉模拟量表(VAS)评定,并在治疗6次结束后应用Verhaar网球肘疗效评分判定总体疗效.结果:两组患者在2次、4次、6次治疗后VAS评分均较治疗前明显改善(P＜0.05),且BZJS组改善程度优于单纯BZ组(P＜0.05);6次治疗后Verhaar网球肘总体疗效评分,BZJS组的评分优于BZ组.结论:体外冲击波靶点治疗与靶点治疗肌肉松解方法对网球肘均具有临床疗效,但靶点治疗肌肉松解方法治疗效果明显优于单纯靶点治疗方法.     

基于学生体质健康的“阳光长跑”干预效果研究

在大学生体质健康现状的视野下,响应国家“阳光长跑”活动的政策,借鉴成功的实践经验,采用实验法,制定“阳光长跑”干预实施方案,开展研究工作.结果显示:1)大学生在4个月的“阳光长跑”活动干预下,有氧耐力、柔韧素质有显著性的变化,而速度素质、平衡能力变化不明显;2)“阳光长跑”活动干预对提高机体有氧代谢酶活性、呼吸机能、刺激腰背部、腿部肌群柔韧性有重要帮助,而对大学生腿部力量、脚踝力量、机体平衡能力的刺激较小,没有显著影响.     

我国优秀女子铁饼选手“人-饼”速度指标的运动学分析

摘 要：采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、三维高速影像解析法和数理统计法,对现阶段我国优秀女子铁饼运动员旋转技术的速度特征进行分析,得出以下结论：重心和铁饼的分速度大小及比例对运动员技术风格的形成有重要影响;“人-饼”系统在腾空和过渡阶段是最复杂和最难控制的,这两个阶段的系统变化对形成最佳技术具有决定性作用;我国运动员第二和第三旋转轴的速度传递稳定,第二轴髋关节和膝关节速度决定着位移的方式,第三轴肩关节速度同铁饼的时空特征有较大相关性。