噪声环境中基于DTW的说话人识别

在VC++环境下,提取PLAR特征参数,基于听觉特性和语谱特性的语音增强器作为预处理器,对语音信号首先进行降噪处理,建立了基于DTW的抗噪声说话人识别系统.实验结果表明,即使在信噪比比较低的情况下,该系统都会在一定程度上提高多种噪声环境下说话人识别系统的识别性能.     

国家重点实验室网络影响力评价及实证研究

为衡量国家重点实验室在新时代背景下的网络媒体影响力,构建网络媒体影响力评价体系,以此分析国家重点实验室的网络媒体影响力水平。利用层次分析法构建国家重点实验室网络媒体影响力评价指标体系,并计算相应的权重系数,同时选取156所国家重点实验室进行实证研究。研究显示,国家重点实验室间的网络媒体影响力参差不齐,且大多数与第三方平台影响力水平同步;国家重点实验室在自主平台特别是微信和官网的利用上还有很大的提升空间。并据此建议积极与多类社交媒体建立联系、强化微信公众号的内容建设以及加强对官方网站的建设与维护等建议。     

中国科学院学部学科发展战略研究的学术影响及其作用

基础研究是原始创新的源泉,加强基础研究,前瞻未来科学发展方向,抢占未来发展的制高点,是新时代国家对中国科学院学部发挥学术引领作用的新要求。中国科学院学部学科发展战略研究工作旨在探索各学科内在发展规律,前瞻各学科中长期发展趋势,把握新兴和交叉学科发展方向,明确科学前沿和重大科学问题,指导我国相关学科发展。文章介绍了中国科学院学部学科发展战略研究工作的基本情况,并通过文献调研和问卷调查分析了学科发展战略研究工作的实施效果与影响。研究表明,中国科学院学部学科发展战略研究工作产生了较好的社会影响、政策影响和学术影响,在夯实我国学科基础、优化科技布局、促进人才培养、增进学术交流、推动科技创新和建设创新型国家等方面均作出了积极贡献。     

浅析高职院校一流特色专业群建设的核心要素

高职院校“双一流”建设最终落脚于专业群建设。创建特色鲜明、水平一流的专业集群,是高职院校凝聚办学特色、增强核心竞争力、提升社会影响力、争创一流的必由之路。文章从分析一流特色专业群的建设意义入手,厘清了一流特色专业群有关人才培养模式、师资队伍、课程体系、骨干专业、科学研究、社会服务、国际合作和评价反馈等八方面核心建设要素。     

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.     

Genomic consequences of population decline in critically endangered pangolins and their demographic histories

Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to heavy poaching and worldwide trafficking. However, their demographic histories and the genomic consequences of their recent population declines remain unknown. We generated high-quality de novo reference genomes for critically endangered Malayan (Manis javanica, MJ) and Chinese (M. pentadactyla, MP) pangolins and re-sequencing population genomic data from 74 MJs and 23 MPs. We recovered the population identities of illegally traded pangolins and previously unrecognized genetic populations that should be protected as evolutionarily distinct conservation units. Demographic reconstruction suggested environmental changes have resulted in a population size fluctuation of pangolins. Additionally, recent population size declines due to human activities have resulted in an increase in inbreeding and genetic load. Deleterious mutations were enriched in genes related to cancer/diseases and cholesterol homeostasis, which may have increased their susceptibility to diseases and decreased their survival potential to adapt to environmental changes and high-cholesterol diets. This comprehensive study provides not only high-quality pangolin reference genomes, but also valuable information concerning the driving factors of long-term population size fluctuations and the genomic impact of recent population size declines due to human activities, which is essential for pangolin conservation management and global action planning.     

Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing

Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi_(1-y)/2Fe_yMg_(1-y)/2O₃–(x)CaTiO₃ (BTFM–CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μ_B/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7–3.0 × 10⁻⁷ s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM–CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.     

栅格尺度的西藏自治区人居环境自然适宜性综合评价

人居环境是人类发展的基础,科学评价人居环境自然适宜性,则是解决资源环境承载力的前提,是实现人与自然和谐共生基本方略的基础性工作。本文基于已有人居环境适宜性研究进一步探讨了人居环境自然适宜性综合评价的方法,并完成了西藏人居环境自然适宜性综合评价。研究表明：①基于条件规则的综合评价法更适合进行西藏人居环境自然适宜性综合评价;②西藏超过3/4的区域为人居环境不适宜地区,大部分分布在藏西北地区;临界适宜地区面积占比为16.78%,主要分布在一江两河地区、昌都市澜沧江上游以及山南和林芝北部地区;适宜地区面积占比仅为5.83%,集中分布在藏东南、一江两河和澜沧江上游的河谷绿洲地带;③西藏不同类型乡村居民点的分布与人居环境适宜性分区有很强的一致性,反映人类生活的乡镇驻地及村庄居民点分布占比随着人居环境适宜程度的增强而增加,代表高原牧区和生态脆弱地区的放牧点和古塔庙宇及文物古迹两类乡村居民点则反之,该结果进一步验证了本文西藏人居环境适宜性综合评价和分区的合理性与可靠性。     

夏洛克——民族意识淡化的高利贷者

通过对《威尼斯商人》文本的分析,我们认为夏洛克是一个被金钱贪欲扭曲、犹太民族意识渐趋淡化的高利贷商人。他执意要割安东尼奥胸前的一磅肉,不是为捍卫犹太民族尊严所作的回击、报复,而是对高利贷生意竞争对手的痛恨。     

概率最值问题例析

1掷骰子中的最值问题例1掷骰子500次时,问1点出现几次的概率最大?解：设P为在500次试验中有r次出现1点的概率,则P_r=C_(500)~r(1/6)r(5/6)~(500-r)．讨论P_(r 1)与P_r的比(P_(r 1))/P_r=