DEN HERBARTSKE PEDAGOGIKKS INNFLYTELSE I NORGE

Gill, P. E. 1976. The Relationship Between Mental Ability and Eight Background Variables. Scand. J. educ. Res. 20, 135‐145. Multiple regression is seen as a search technique when applied to IQ. test data. The results from such a search are stochastic rather than deterministic. Because of this it is imperative that comprehensive samples be studied. The sample in this study (n = 3,695) was representative of the population of Irish 6‐ to 12‐year‐olds. The results are surprising in that the total variance explained by predictors such as SES, sex, family size, position in family, absenteeism and urbanity is never more than 8 %. Differences in how predictors behave with IQ and Vocabulary are noted. SES, family size and urbanity are the most significant predictors. When Vocabulary is the criterion, sex differences (in favour of girls) emerge consistently. It is contended that pupils of low intelligence go absent more often than their peers. The total variance explained was increased when homoscedasticity was reduced by stabilizing criterion variance (by reducing age span).     

Variety of attitudes towards the comprehensive university

Higher education policy-making may attempt far-reaching reform of the post-secondary system and its inherited institutions. It may be oriented towards the replacement of distinctions between the academic and the non-academic as well as the transformation of the traditional university concept by means of a new conception of the organization of the post-secondary sector, the comprehensive university. Higher education policy-making may display not only great ambition but also policy extravagance. Maybe the Swedish 1977 higher education reform is the most ambitious attempt so far to implement the notions inherent in the comprehensive university. Maybe the element of policy extravagance was at times most conspicuous in the extended period of policy-making in Sweden culminating in the 1977 reform bill as it was even suggested that the universities of Uppsala (1477) and Lund (1668) were to be officially designated Högskolan i Uppsala and Högskolan i Lund-Malmö respectively. It may be interesting to find out the attitudes of those responsible for the day-to-day operations of the universities and colleges. This article presents the results of the first national survey of Swedish teachers and researchers in so far as they pertain to the evaluation of the 1977 reform.     

Narrating Your Work: an approach to supporting knowledge sharing in virtual teams

We propose an approach to enhancing knowledge sharing and connectedness in distributed teams. Termed ‘Narrating Your Work’ (NYW), the approach involves members of distributed team using a microblogging tool to post regular updates about their current work, accomplishments, and issues. The NYW approach was evaluated within a geographically and temporally distributed team at Shell International for a period of one month, using a mixed-method research design. Methodology comprised of a quantitative survey, followed by semi-structured interviews and analysis of microblogging updates posted during the month in which the approach was being trialled. The evaluation results suggest that NYW was viewed as a valid and practical approach to enhancing knowledge sharing and connectedness. A range of barriers and enablers that could impact the future application and embedding of the approach are identified and recommendations for implementation are outlined.     

Droplet formation and shrinking in aqueous two-phase systems using a membrane emulsification method

Using a membrane emulsification method based on porous hollow-fiber membranes in combination with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), we are able to produce “water-in-water” droplets with narrow-dispersed size distributions. The equilibrium phases of the aqueous two-phase system polyethylene glycol-dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are used for this purpose. The droplet diameter of a given fluid system is determined by the flow rates of the continuous and disperse phase as well as the hollow fiber dimensions. When diluting the disperse phase and thus moving the ATPS system out of equilibrium, the droplet size can be further reduced in comparison to the equilibrium case. Generally, droplets formed with this method have diameters 20%–60% larger than the inner hollow fiber diameter. The new strategy of diluting the disperse phase allows the production of droplet diameter below the inner diameter of the membrane.     

Struggling with Science and Status: Physiotherapy – Including Radiology and Cancer Treatment – and Physical Education at the State University in Ghent,Belgium, 1906–1936

The establishment of new academic specialties is an intriguing research topic from a social history of science perspective. In this article we focus on the ‘scientific migration’ within the Higher Institute of Physical Education (HIPE) and the Faculty of Medicine at the State University in Ghent, Belgium. The HIPE was ‘attached’ to the Faculty of Medicine in 1908, a world first that led to an interesting triangular relationship between physical education, physiotherapy, and medicine. The physiatrists (physicians-physiotherapists) who were appointed at the HIPE had to struggle with inferior status with respect to their colleagues within the Faculty of Medicine itself. Territorial power struggles arose on several levels. In 1936, after the first generation of physicians-physiotherapists had retired, physiotherapy was integrated fully into the Faculty of Medicine, and radiology and cancer treatment – which had been considered subsectors of physiotherapy – became autonomous specialties. Physical education, however, retained its inferior academic status.     

Dress for fit: An exploration of female activewear consumption

While the female activewear market is growing rapidly, research on activewear consumption and female consumers is lagging. Existing researchers have failed to produce an in-depth understanding of female consumers’ perceptions of activewear, thereby providing limited insights for the activewear industry. Drawing upon brand association theory and the functional, expressive, and aesthetic model, the authors identify important attributes of activewear brands and how attributes lead to benefits pursued by female activewear consumers. Focus groups were conducted with 72 female activewear consumers in Australia. Findings reveal three product-related attributes (functional design, colour, and size and fit) and two non-product-related attributes (price and model imagery) influence the fulfillment of four benefits (mood enhancement, exercise facilitation, healthy and active lifestyle, and physical fit body image). This research contributes theoretical and empirical knowledge about activewear consumption and the vertical structure of brand associations. Findings of this research can help activewear brands deliver benefits to female consumers through improved product designs and marketing strategies.