汉初“孝德”的形成与确立——以陆贾、贾谊思想为中心

承秦而起的西汉王朝,在陆贾、贾谊等汉初政治家反思和批判秦弊的基础上,一反秦以“威德”为核心的重威严法、多欲寡恩的皇权政治模式,大力倡导法先圣、尚德行、施仁政等治国理念,并在此基础上崇尚“孝德”,推崇孝治.汉代所推崇之“孝德”并不是向先秦儒学、西周德化礼仪之学的一种简单回归.而所谓的汉承秦制,实际也只是形式上的承袭,在关乎秦汉两朝立国之本的核心价值理念层面,秦之“威德”与汉之“孝德”是迥然相异的.     

Effects of stance width on performance and postural stability in national-standard pistol shooters

The aim of the present study was to determine whether changing stance width would result in a corresponding change in postural and/or pistol stability. Twelve national-standard male air pistol shooters performed 10 shots each at five stance widths (30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, and 90 cm). Postural stability was determined by measuring centre-of-pressure changes with a dual force-platform system. Shooting mechanics measures were determined by a NOPTEL ST-2000 optoelectronic training system. Medial-lateral centre-of-pressure excursion (F?,?? = 7.17, P < 0.001, effect size = 0.99) and speed (F?,?? = 77.03, P < 0.001, effect size = 3.88) were reduced as stance width decreased. Centre of gravity fine (the percentage of time held within an area the size of the ten-ring) improved during narrower stance widths (F?,?? = 12.49, P < 0.001, effect size = 0.71). Our findings suggest that stance width affects postural and pistol stability in national-standard air pistol athletes. Moreover, the current method of suggesting a wider stance to improve shooting performance should be reconsidered and perhaps air-pistol shooters should use a 30-cm stance width to improve postural stability and shooting performance.     

Capillary flow in sacrificially etched nanochannels

Planar nanochannels are fabricated using sacrificial etching technology with sacrificial cores consisting of aluminum, chromium, and germanium, with heights ranging from 18 to 98 nm. Transient filling via capillary action is compared against the Washburn equation [E. W. Washburn, Phys. Rev. 17, 273 (1921)], showing experimental filling speeds significantly lower than classical continuum theory predicts. Departure from theory is expressed in terms of a varying dynamic contact angle, reaching values as high as 83° in channels with heights of 18 nm. The dynamic contact angle varies significantly from the macroscopic contact angle and increases with decreasing channel dimensions.     

互联网营销服务创新及其价值——基于赞助搜索广告的分析

赞助搜索广告是当前互联网主要的创新营销服务之一.本文基于某消费参考网站的数据,对固定排名机制下的赞助搜索广告的价值生成机制进行了计量分析与验证.研究结果发现,赞助搜索可以显著地提高广告主的销售收入,对促进其他广告效果方面也有一定的延伸价值,研究还讨论了赞助搜索广告服务模式的改进对策,为互联网经营创新及广告主决策提供实际的理论参考.     

误区与澄明：建构主义知识观中的教师知识研究

＂建构主义＂影响到我国后,受到某些学者的热捧,逐渐形成了一股建构主义思潮。国内一些学者用建构主义来研究教师知识以及教师专业发展,认为教师知识在于教师个体在教学实践中建构,因而出现了两个误区：一是以是否直接有益于课堂教学实践作为知识价值判断标准;二是将＂教学＂知识代替＂教育学＂知识。对于这些误区,我们要予以重视,从理论上辨清建构主义真相,全面促进教师知识发展。     

大学生信息素养培育途径研究

当前大学生信息素养培育已成为世界各国普遍关注的问题。通过信息素养的概念与内涵和大学生教育特点的分析研究发现,社会教育、学校教育、自我教育相结合的方式是大学生信息素养培育的有效途径,可以使大学生获得具有前沿性、实践性与复合性的知识。     

后现代主义思潮对当代青年的消极影响及对策探析

后现代主义是当今西方盛行的一股综合性的哲学与文化思潮。后现代主义思潮的广泛传播,对我国当代青年的思想和行为产生了一系列正负交织的影响。引导青年正确认识后现代主义思潮,采取对策,消除其负面影响,从而培养青年的马克思主义世界观、人生观和价值观是十分必要的。     

Learning and study strategies correlate with medical students' performance in anatomical sciences

Much of the content delivered during medical students' preclinical years is assessed nationally by such testing as the United States Medical Licensing Examination^® (USMLE^®) Step 1 and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination^® (COMPLEX‐USA^®) Step 1. Improvement of student study/learning strategies skills is associated with academic success in internal and external (USMLE Step 1) examinations. This research explores the strength of association between the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) scores and student performance in the anatomical sciences and USMLE Step 1 examinations. The LASSI inventory assesses learning and study strategies based on ten subscale measures. These subscales include three components of strategic learning: skill (Information processing, Selecting main ideas, and Test strategies), will (Anxiety, Attitude, and Motivation) and self‐regulation (Concentration, Time management, Self‐testing, and Study aid). During second year (M2) orientation, 180 students (Classes of 2016, 2017, and 2018) were administered the LASSI survey instrument. Pearson Product‐Moment correlation analyses identified significant associations between five of the ten LASSI subscales (Anxiety, Information processing, Motivation, Selecting main idea, and Test strategies) and students' performance in the anatomical sciences and USMLE Step 1 examinations. Identification of students lacking these skills within the anatomical sciences curriculum allows targeted interventions, which not only maximize academic achievement in an aspect of an institution's internal examinations, but in the external measure of success represented by USMLE Step 1 scores. Anat Sci Educ 11: 236–242. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

2002年重庆市大学生体质调查与分析

2002年对重庆市大学生体质现状进行调查，得出重庆市大学生整体的身体形态较优、身体机能较低、身体素质潜藏着下降危机的结论。提出了增强大学生体质的目标应以提高身体素质为基础的观点，并就有关问题提出了领导要重视、体育课程要健全、体育教学思想要正确、措施要得力、后勤要有保障等建议。