《中国中药杂志》量化考核机制的建立与实践

《中国中药杂志》根据现阶段期刊发展需求,探索出一套特色化、全方位的绩效考核管理机制。将编辑分为纸质版编辑、网络与信息编辑2种类型,并分设了不同的管理考核标准。对纸质版编辑的考核综合了选题组稿,文章的下载频次、被引频次、刊用周期,举办或参加会议与培训,参与基金项目,创收等多个方面;对网络与信息编辑的考核则侧重于激励研发与创新。对于编委会,也打破常规,采取量化考核与竞争机制。通过对编辑部和编委会实行特色化的量化考核、绩效管理制度,将编辑和专家的个人贡献与期刊整体发展紧密结合,充分发挥了其潜能和资源优势,使期刊综合实力得到迅速提升。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

论数字参考咨询服务的知识管理

文章阐述了数字参考咨询服务的概念,分析了它与传统参考咨询服务的区别,总结了它的特征在于知识共享、服务共享和专家共享,并运用知识管理的有关理论对数字参考咨询如何加强知识管理提出了建议。     

网络环境下个性化信息服务的现状与前瞻

分析了个性化信息服务的内涵、现状及影响,并阐述了网络环境下个性化信息服务的发展趋势。     

任务驱动教学法下的能源与动力工程基础实验实训探索和改革

分析能源与动力工程基础实验实训现状和存在问题,将任务驱动教学法应用于基础实验实训,突出学生为主、融入新兴理念、培养创新意识、细化实训要求、完善考核机制和扎实能力培养.通过基础实验的自学和检测,锻炼学生操作实验、撰写报告和分析结果的能力.设计实验的任务驱动,给学生充分发展的平台,锻炼其自学、实践、表达和团队协作能力,培养...     

浅议数字图书馆的个性化信息需求服务

分析了数字图书馆开展个性化信息服务的必要性,着重探索数字图书馆个性化信息服务的构建,以满足用户的个性化需求。     

高校图书馆馆藏评价方针初探

论述了高校图书馆馆藏评价的方针和内容,指出了图书馆馆藏评价的意义。     

信息化对经济增长贡献研究述评

综述了信息化对经济增长贡献的研究,指出了现有工作中存在的不足,提出了进一步研究的方向。     

论信息系统的生态对称性

对信息系统的生态特征与生态属性进行了分析,阐述了信息系统结构与功能、过程与状态的生态对称性特点,并根据生态学原理设计了信息系统的对称性生态运动模式。     

进一步完善农村义务教育经费保障新机制的政策性选择——以陕西岚皋县实施农村义务教育经费保障新机制为例

我国从2006年春季起全面实施农村义务教育经费保障机制的改革,取得了很大成就.农民教育负担大幅度减轻,学校公用经费逐步提高,城乡差别进一步减少,教育资源进一步整合,教育管理体制和管理行为逐步规范.但是还存在许多困难与问题,如经费投入总量不足、县镇学校收入减少、"危改"资金严重不足等,需要进一步改进和完善农村义务教育投入保障机制.