Effects of shocks,presented at a fixed time of day,on appetitive and general activity of rats

Eating, drinking, locomotion, and rearing activities of rats, maintained under a 12:12-h dark:light cycle, were measured continuously over 24 h a day for 40 days in the KGbox-24. For 20 days, beginning on Day 11, the shocks were given through the grid floor of the box 1 h after the beginning of the dark phase (at 2100 h). The daily food and water intake decreased, and there was no further gain in body weight after the introduction of shocks. The 2100-h shocks had some associative effects: (1) Suppression of ingestion developed during the period of 2000–2100 h; (2) acceleration of general activity developed during the period of 2000–2012 h; (3) anticipatory suppression of eating developed toward the end of the light phase. The 2100-h shocks also had suppressive aftereffects upon eating and drinking, especially during the early stage of the 20-day shock phase. Compensatory drinking was observed during the light phase, but no such effect was found for eating. Some findings which are not usually obtained in short-session experiments remain to be explained. References to two timing systems are made.     

科技创新团队成员建设性冲突管理

在产品开发和技术创新过程中,科技创新团队成员的建设性冲突主要包括任务冲突和过程冲突,这两类冲突均对创新价值链上的各项创新工作具有促进效应。构建模型,阐述科技创新团队成员的建设性冲突对科技创新价值链上的技术创新、产品创新、管理模式创新的促进关系,实证科技创新团队成员的建设性冲突对组织的技术创新及其管理模式创新具有显著正向影响,对科技创新价值链也具有显著正向影响。以期为提高科技创新团队成员冲突管理水平、改进和提升科技创新团队成员创新工作提供理论参考。     

科技创新团队基于价值链的创新绩效管理

通过访谈法和问卷调查法可知,在科技创新团队创新绩效管理中,创新绩效考评往往侧重于创新结果绩效而忽略创新过程绩效,从而导致科技创新团队缺乏创新积极性.对此,从同时注重创新过程绩效与创新成果绩效的视角,分析和探讨科技创新团队基于价值链的创新绩效评价模式.在对创新价值链构成分析基础上,采用层次分析法从创新知识获取过程和创新产出过程两个维度,构建包含创新能力、创新行为、创新价值和知识转化能力、知识产出能力及其下设共20个指标的科技创新团队创新绩效评价指标体系,并通过专家打分法确定分解后的指标权重,进一步改进和完善,形成科技创新团队基于价值链的创新绩效管理体系,以期为促进科技创新团队创新绩效管理水平提高和促使科技创新团队在价值链上达到增值目的提供参考.     

Movements with greater trunk accelerations and their properties during badminton games

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate the movements requiring greater trunk accelerations and its frequencies during badminton games, and compare the acceleration components among such movements. Trunk acceleration was measured using a triaxial accelerometer during badminton games. The moments that generated >4 G resultant acceleration were extracted, and movements consistent with the extracted moments were identified. We calculated the extracted movement ratio and frequency and compared the resultant, mediolateral, vertical and anteroposterior accelerations between the top five extracted movements. There were 1,342 movements that generated >4 G [mean, 7.72 (95% confidence interval, 7.31–8.14) cases/min]. The top five movements were lunging during underhand strokes with the dominant hand side leg, landing after overhand strokes on the dominant and non-dominant hand side leg, and cutting from a split step using the dominant and non-dominant hand side leg. Landing on the dominant hand side leg had a greater resultant acceleration than the other movements and had the greatest impact during the badminton game. Lunging during underhand strokes on the dominant hand side leg had greater mediolateral acceleration than the other movements. These results reflected the properties of badminton.     

Learning to Teach Science: The Curriculum of Student Teaching in Hiroshima "Attached" Schools

Journal of Science Teacher Education -     

Rapid microfluidic immunoassay for surveillance and diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Cryptosporidiosis has been reported to be associated with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which greatly reduces the quality of life and shortens the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. In order to properly treat the infected patients, accurate and automatic diagnostic tools need to be developed. In this study, a novel microfluidic immunochip system was presented for the surveillance and the rapid detection of Cryptosporidium infection in 190 HIV-infected patients from Guangxi, China, using the P23 antigen of Cryptosporidium. The procedure of detection can be completed within 10 min with 2 μl sample consumption. The system also was evaluated using the standard ELISA method. Among 190 HIV-infected individuals, the rate of P23 positivity was 13.7%. Seropositivity in HIV-infected individuals was higher in female patients. The seropositivity to P23 was higher in HIV-infected individuals with high viral load, although the difference was statistically insignificant. Significantly higher Cryptosporidium seropositivity was observed in HIV-infected individuals with a CD4⁺ T-cell count of <200 cells/μl than in those with ≥200 cells/μl. Our results also demonstrate that a lower CD4⁺ T-cell count may reflect an increased accumulated risk for cryptosporidiosis. The detection system was further validated using the standard ELISA method and good correlation between the two methods was found (r = 0.80). Under the same sensitivity, this new microfluidic chip device had a specificity of 98.2%. This developed system may provide a powerful platform for the fast screening of Cryptospordium infection in HIV-infected patients.     

A method of extracting malicious expressions in bulletin board systems by using context analysis

Bulletin board systems are well-known basic services on the Internet for information frequent exchange. The convenience of bulletin boards enables us to communicate with other persons and to read the communication contents at any time. However, malicious postings about crimes are serious problems for serving companies and users. The extracting scheme of the traditional methods depends on words or a sequence of words without considering contexts of articles and, therefore, it takes a lot of human efforts to alert malicious articles. In order to reduce the human efforts, this paper presents a new filtering algorithm that can recover the error rate of false positive for non-malicious articles by using context analysis. The presented scheme builds detecting knowledge by introducing multi-attribute rules. By the experimental results for 11,019 test data, it turns out that sensitivity and specificity of the presented method become 38.7 and 24.1 (%) points higher than traditional method, respectively.     

Bile canaliculi formation by aligning rat primary hepatocytes in a microfluidic device

In this study, we propose a microfluidic cell culture device mimicking the microscopic structure in liver tissue called hepatic cords. The cell culture area of the device was designed to align hepatocytes in two lines in a similar way to hepatic cords. Thanks to the structural design together with a cell seeding procedure, rat primary hepatocytes were successfully aligned in two lines and cultured under perfusion condition. It is shown that aligned hepatocytes gradually self-organize and form bile canaliculi along the hepatic cord-like structure. The present technique to culture hepatocytes with functional bile canaliculi could be used as an alternative to animal testing in the field of drug discovery and toxicological studies, and also be beneficial to tissue engineering applications.     

连接光异构化非天然氨基酸的RGD肽抑制细胞的附着

利用固相肽合成方法 ,将带有光敏基团偶氮苯的非天然氨基酸———苯基偶氮苯基苯丙氨酸与RGD肽连接 ,得到具有光敏功能的RGD肽 .非天然氨基酸连接在C端的RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素有很强的结合能力 .RGD侧链上的光敏基团的光致异构化对RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素的结合有一定的影响