Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC₇₁BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

多种结构形式的统一—如东县中学“科技楼”的主体结构设计试析

通过如东县中学“科技楼”的主体结构设计,探讨当代现代重点中学办学环节中硬件设施应具备的结构设计理念和设计方法,力图达到多种结构形式及技术与经济的完美统一。     

教育与代际收入流动关系(下)——基于研究方法与经验发现的文献述评

中西方有关代际收入流动的研究成果十分丰富.就教育与代际收入关系的实证研究而言,现有研究在方法上大体可以分为三类:第一类研究使用断代分析法或倍差分析法对国家教育制度或政策效果进行评价;第二类研究使用中间变量法或代际系数分解法,探究不同的教育获得变量对代际收入流动性的影响;第三类研究基于经济学基本理论建立数据模型,并使用经验数据对模型拟合,对教育与代际收入关系进行了丰富且有趣的探讨.各国实证研究均显示教育确实对代际收入流动性具有一定的解释力度.西方国家研究显示:第一,教育对代际流动的净效应在30％-40％左右,而我国少数几项研究显示教育的解释力度在10％左右;第二,教育对收入流动性的解释力度存在时间、地区、性别、收入、职业等多方面的差异;第三,不同阶段的教育促进代际收入流动的作用不同,早期教育的作用大于高等教育;第四,延长教育年限和延迟分流对代际收入流动具有正向促进作用,而教育扩张和教育机会增加则不必然带来代际收入流动的提升.未来研究可将重点放在基于中国现实背景的研究以及国际比较研究,而计量模型的完善及对教育获得变量的详尽考察对于提高研究质量至关重要.     

模具设计与制造专业建设与改革的思考

模具是制造业的基础工艺装备,是衡量一个国家制造水平的重要标志,在整个国民经济中占有重要的地位,然而我国模具人才短缺严重。结合自身工作,对职业院校模具人才培养情况进行阐述,并提出专业建设与改革的思路和措施。     

跆拳道运动对大学生的影响

跆拳道运动进入高校体育课堂,是对体育课程教学内容有益的补充。文章考察了习练跆拳道对普通大学生在心理、体质等方面的影响,研究结果显示:跆拳道运动对大学生的影响是积极的。     

谈高等职业教育面临的挑战及对策

当前,高校扩招既给高等职业教育的发展带来了机遇,也给它带来了前所未有的影响和冲击。面对机遇和挑战,针对当前高等职业院校办学中暴露出来的问题,文章进行了理性的分析和探讨,试图找出对策,为高等职业教育的生存、发展和壮大提供依据。     

竞技武术进入奥运会的困难及对策

经过近二十年的努力,中国武术在走向奥运的过程中仍面临着多方面的问题。文章试从奥运会项目设置产生的影响以及两种不同文化的冲突和趋同,自身发展及武术规则和裁判方面存在的问题,来分析武术入奥所面临的困难,并能给制订解决问题的对策提供参考。     

武术教学中教师应变能力的研究

武术教学中应变能力的合理运用是教师的一项基本素质。为了体现出高质量的武术教学,文章分别通过教师自身、课程组织中各种教学失误及学生突发事件,就应变的运用做出分析,并提出相对合理的对策,为完善武术教师的综合素质提供一定参考。     

汉语主题词表编制的新模式和新技术-《教育主题词表》编制技术概述

汉语主题词表编制的新模式和新技术──《教育主题词表》编制技术概述侯汉青，赵燕群，戴维民《教育主题词表》是我国正式出版的第一部教育专业叙词表，也是我国正式出版的第一部分类主题一体化词表。该表采用分面叙词表的模式进行编制。全表共分为分面分类表及字顺叙词表...