Psicología de la instrucción,razonamiento y conocimientos específicos

Resumen

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la línea de investigación sobre Psicología de la Instrucción desarrollada en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Esta línea se ha originado, en términos generales, a partir de los problemas que tenía planteados la teoría de Piaget en torno al estudio de las operaciones formales. El intento de explicar los resultados anteriores llevaron a considerar fundamental el estudio del contenido en las tareas con estructura lógica y en el razonamiento en general. Los trabajos dentro de esta línea se han visto influidos por los estudios realizados sobre expertos y novatos en áreas de conocimiento específicas y los realizados sobre concepciones previas o erróneas (misconceptions). Concretamente se presentan dos investigaciones específicas. Una sobre las ideas de los alumnos adolescentes en Química y otra sobre la comprensión de textos y las variables que influyen en él. En resumen, puede considerarse que hemos pasado de unas preocupaciones más centradas en los procesos cognitivos de razonamiento a otras que tienen más en cuenta la importancia del conocimiento específico y por tanto de las variables instruccionales.     

Education and social change in Spain: from crisis to opportunity

This paper analyses a particular socio-educational experience in a marginalised neighbourhood in Malaga, Spain. This initiative came about as an institutional proposal to combat neoliberal austerity policies and is known as the ‘Casa de la Buena Vida'. It aims to generate new educational practices based on solidarity, dignity and justice. The methodology followed entailed carrying out an ethnography at this institution, participating in the initiative over a period of 4 years. At the same time, life histories of some of its most notable members were drawn up. In the results section we offer an analysis of the particular identities that are created as a consequence of the living conditions, social conflicts, multicultural nature and survival strategies that operate in a welfarist policy system. We also analyse this institution's socio-educational proposal using alternative social practices that enable other subjectivities to develop.     

You can run but you can’t hide: a grounded theory analysis of suppression among older prisoners in the Philippines

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have dealt with suppression and its long-term effects. However, little is known about the dynamics of suppression among older prisoners in the context of a developing country like the Philippines whose penal conditions are currently in crisis. This grounded theory investigation is an attempt to describe the process of how a select group of older prisoners (n = 25) from the largest penitentiary in the Philippines experiences suppression. Field texts were subjected to thematic analysis involving open, axial and selective coding. Interestingly, the researchers’ Yo-yoing model of Suppression emerged to portray stages of their suppression experiences. The model shows four stages: devastating, or the rapid heightening of emotions upon encounter of intrusive situation; contemplating, or the progressive receding of the wallowing emotions given one’s gradual realization of the situation; diverting, or the use of various diversionary activities to relieve tension; and iterating, or the unexpected recurrence of the past characterized by “rebounding” a feeling of suffering. The emerged model may become valuable to guide health professionals and gerontological workers in developing appropriate interventions and support mechanisms to improve the overall mental health and well-being of this vulnerable group.