Can We Learn From Student Mistakes in a Formative,Reading Comprehension Assessment?

This article describes an ongoing project to develop a formative, inferential reading comprehension assessment of causal story comprehension. It has three features to enhance classroom use: equated scale scores for progress monitoring within and across grades, a scale score to distinguish among low‐scoring students based on patterns of mistakes, and a reading efficiency index. Instead of two response types for each multiple‐choice item, correct and incorrect, each item has three response types: correct and two incorrect response types. Prior results on reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and predictive utility of mistake subscores are briefly described. The three‐response‐type structure of items required rethinking the item response theory (IRT) modeling. IRT‐modeling results are presented, and implications for formative assessments and instructional use are discussed.     

对"职业技术教育"称谓的评价--兼论高职教育的本质

文章拟从职业技术教育的一些基本称谓出发,分析其教育形式的基本涵义,进而揭示出高职教育的本质属性。并且得出结论：高职的本质其实是技术教育,与“职业”并无本质的关联。高职教育应该改称为“技术教育”,因为高职教育培养的其实是技术型人才。     

荔浦县地名成因的文化因素探析

地名是一定地域的标志,是社会经济文化发展的产物.地名的生成,既受一定地域自然条件的影响,又有一定地域历史文化的作用.地名的许多内容都与民族文化、社会生活、人类情感心态等密切相关.文章从三个方面对荔浦县地名成因的文化因素进行了深入的探析.     

Explicit finite element analysis and experimental verification of a sliding lead rubber bearing

Based on the explicit finite element (FE) software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the FE model for a sliding lead rubber bearing (SLRB) is developed. The design parameters of the laminated steel, including thickness, density, and Young’s modulus, are modified to greatly enlarge the time step size of the model. Three types of contact relations in ANSYS/LS-DYNA are employed to analyze all the contact relations existing in the bearing. Then numerical simulations of the compression tests and a series of correlation tests on compression-shear properties for the bearing are conducted, and the numerical results are further verified by experimental and theoretical ones. Results show that the developed FE model is capable of reproducing the vertical stiffness and the particular hysteresis behavior of the bearing. The shear stresses of the intermediate rubber layer obtained from the numerical simulation agree well with the theoretical results. Moreover, it is observed from the numerical simulation that the lead cylinder undergoes plastic deformation even if no additional lateral load is applied, and an extremely large plastic deformation when a shear displacement of 115 mm is applied. Furthermore, compared with the implicit analysis, the computational cost of the explicit analysis is much more acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed modeling method for the SLRB is accurate and practical.     

元曲小令中特有的语言形式--鼎足对

鼎足对是元曲小令中特有的一种对偶形式，鼎足对的运用是元曲有别于诗词的创新，呈现出特殊的语言魅力。     

How is the body’s systemic nature manifested amongst high school biology students?

This study follows two groups of students (67 in all) through the 3 years of their high school biology education and examines the development of their systems thinking - specifically their models of the human body as a system. Both groups were composed of biology majors, but the students in one group also participated in a PBLbased extension program called “Medical Systems”. Data was gathered by means of concept maps, which the students completed at four strategic stages of the learning process: beginning of 10th grade, end of 10th grade, end of 11th grade and end of 12th grade. At the end of the 3 year learning process, the students’ showed more complex system models. They included a wider range of concepts in their maps, spanning hierarchy levels ranging from the molecular and cellular to the system level. We also found an increase in references to dynamic interactions, but this did not encourage the students to use cellular level processes when explaining phenomena that occur at the systems level. The impact of the PBL teaching method was strongly evident in the complexity of the Medical Systems program students’ concept maps, which heavily emphasized “hierarchy” and “diseases” as system characteristics.     

‘Gender and race—what’s that to do with football studies?’ Contested ‘knowledges’ in sport and leisure curricula in HE

This paper explores the implications and affects of a level two compulsory module concerned with ‘gender, difference and leisure’ on a predominantly male student group studying for sports‐related degrees. Participant observation was undertaken by a male and female lecturer who were delivering the module. A cohort of male football students were interviewed as a group, and individual interviews were undertaken with female students. The opinions and expressions of the students are also located in the significant subculture of the collegiate footballer researched by one of the authors. The paper draws attention to the ways in which young male students negotiate their male identities collectively and the implications this has for theirs and other’s learning in HE. The findings show that many of the male football students, in particular, attempted to resist knowledge that challenged dominant male behaviours and threatened the project of patriarchy as a whole, such as the hegemonic patterning of the collegiate football subculture. While this resistance was beset with tensions, evidencing some opposition to gender ideologies at an individual level, at least, social identities constructed around gender and ‘race’, especially, were clearly disruptive in the development of critical awareness to such issues. The data presented here highlights a number of pedagogical problems that arise from these complex sets of interrelated identity issues, not least the need for lecturers to develop greater critical awareness of masculine and racial identities and to reflect upon their methods of delivery of contested knowledge.     

Do causal attributions mediate the relationship between personality characteristics and life satisfaction in adolescence?

This study examined relationships among personality traits, causal attributions, and global life satisfaction in a sample of 212 high school students. A chief aim of this research was to explore whether causal attributions mediate the relationship between personality characteristics and global life satisfaction as hypothesized by DeNeve and Cooper (1998). Specifically, a mediational model was proposed whereby extraversion and emotional stability relate to causal attributions, which in turn relate to life satisfaction. The results of this research revealed that the personality characteristic of emotional stability, but not extraversion, was related significantly to adolescent life satisfaction. Moreover, this study indicated that adolescents' causal attributions for good events mediated the relationship between life satisfaction and emotional stability. These findings should enhance understanding of potential pathways to the development of increased life satisfaction in adolescents as well as inform adolescent health promotion efforts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 91–99, 2005.     

南戏体制变化二例

南戏体制从宋元到明中叶,逐渐发生变化并趋于整饬。今人依据常见的元明南戏（传奇）剧本,以为从元代开始,南戏开场形式已经十分简练扼要,一概由末念诵一至二首词,这是一个误解。只是到了万历时期,文人创作讲求文采格律,才固定为简要的一词或二词形式。从南戏到传奇剧本,逐步走向分"出",开始时"折""出""节""套"皆用,宣德年间正式分"出",嘉靖年间开始列"出""目",万历以后趋于规整。