Views from the field: program directors' perceptions of teacher education and the education of students who are deaf or hard of hearing

Arandom sample of directors of programs for the deaf in North America were surveyed to get their views about the skills that teacher education programs need to be teaching future teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The directors were queried about literacy practices, classroom management strategies, and communication strategies used in their programs, and were encouraged to comment freely on the questionnaire items presented to them. Program directors predicted a need for more itinerant and resource teachers. The survey also revealed that programs for the deaf are highly behaviorist (i.e., You do this and you'll get that) in the way they induce students to learn and in how they manage student behavior.     

Nonverbatim captioning in Dutch television programs: a text linguistic approach

In the Netherlands, as in most other European countries, closed captions for the deaf summarize texts rather than render them verbatim. Caption editors argue that in this way television viewers have enough time to both read the text and watch the program. They also claim that the meaning of the original message is properly conveyed. However, many deaf people demand verbatim subtitles so that they have full access to all original information. They claim that vital information is withheld from them as a result of the summarizing process. Linguistic research was conducted in order (a) to identify the type of information that is left out of captioned texts and (b) to determine the effects of nonverbatim captioning on the meaning of the text. The differences between spoken and captioned texts were analyzed on the basis of on a model of coherence relations in discourse. One prominent finding is that summarizing affects coherence relations, making them less explicit and altering the implied meaning.     

Lipschitz-Nikolskii Constants of the Baskakov Operators

In this paper,we obtain Lipschitz-Nikolskii constants for the Baskakov operators V_n(f,x)。     

Kinetics study on biomass pyrolysis for fuel gas production

Kinetic knowledge is of great importance in achieving good control of the pyrolysis and gasification process and optimising system design. An overall kinetic pyrolysis scheme is therefore addressed here. The kinetic modelling incorporates the following basic steps: the degradation of the virgin biomass materials into primary products (tar, gas and semi-char), the decomposition of primary tar into secondary products and the continuous interaction between primary gas and char. The last step is disregarded completely by models in the literature. Analysis and comparison of predicted results from different kinetic schemes and experimental data on our fixed bed pyrolyser yielded very positive evidence to support our kinetic scheme. Project (No. 2001CB409600) Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (973) of China     

日美课程改革的比较分析——美国学者谈日本教育改革

二战后受美国的影响,日本现行的课程模式是在美国初、中等教育课程结构的基础之上建立起来的。但是,日本课程结构的核心精华却有着丰富悠久的历史。它具有强烈的美学意识和热爱大自然的传统观念,并受到诸如日本神道教、佛教、孔子之道等各种不同道教思想的影响。如今人们访问日本学校不难发现这些特点随处可见。只有通过对这些方面的了解,人们才有可能较详尽地理解日本的教育改革。目前在任何一个国家都明显地表现出经济、社会、文化和政治对课程结构所产生的影响。在日本由于课程编制是由中央集权直接控制的,因而更加容易看到这些影响。     

Kinetics study on biomass pyrolysis for fuel gas production

INTRODUCTIONSincebiomassisanabundant,inexpensiveandrenewableresource ,itsconversiontosyn theticfuelsandchemicalproductsappearsat tractive.Amongallkindsofbiomassconversionroutes,pyrolysisisbeinggivenincreasingatten tionsincetheprocessissimpleandmaybeopti m…     

The Needs-Based Assessment of Parental (Guardian) Support: a test of its validity and reliability

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to present a newly developed measure of guardian support, the Needs-Based Assessment of Parental (Guardian) Support (NAPS), an empirical evaluation of that measure, and its comparison with another measure of guardian support. The theoretical model that underlies this measure applies humanistic theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs to the understanding of guardian support. METHOD: The study employed a cross-sectional nonexperimental survey design using 183 nonoffending guardians who accompanied children presenting for a medical/forensic examination for sexual abuse. The NAPS and an existing measure of guardian support were administered during the hospital outpatient visit, and basic information concerning the child and abuse situations were gathered. RESULTS: The NAPS had robust psychometric properties and was culturally sensitive. Tests of specific hypotheses supported the construct validity of the measure and a conceptualization of guardian support as hierarchical, with four stages of support. CONCLUSIONS: The brevity and ease of administration of the NAPS for both the clinician and guardian suggest that it is a viable assessment tool. The strong support for the NAPS' underlying theoretical model suggests that the nonoffending guardians' available resources need to be considered when assessing guardian support.     

列宁对民主社会主义的分析和批判

在社会主义学说史上,当代意义的民主社会主义的基本理论和基本策略,都直接来源于第二国际时期的修正主义和机会主义。这种名为“发展”实为背叛马克思主义的理论,从它形成之日起,就受到马克思主义者的揭露和批判。其中,列宁对于修正主义、机会主义的揭露和批判,最为集中和深刻,对于我们今天分析和批判民主社会主义有着现实的指导意义。