Access to postsecondary education through sign language interpreting

Despite the importance of sign language interpreting for many deaf students, there is surprisingly little research concerning its effectiveness in the classroom. The limited research in this area is reviewed, and a new study is presented that included 23 interpreters, 105 deaf students, and 22 hearing students. Students saw two interpreted university-level lectures, each preceded by a test of prior content knowledge and followed by a post-lecture assessment of learning. A variety of demographic and qualitative data also were collected. Variables of primary interest included the effects of a match or mismatch between student interpreting preferences (interpreting vs. transliteration) and the actual mode of interpreting, student-interpreter familiarity, and interpreter experience. Results clarify previous contradictory findings concerning the importance of student interpreting preferences and extend earlier studies indicating that deaf students acquire less than hearing peers from interpreted college-level lectures. Issues relating to access and success in integrated academic settings are discussed as they relate to relations among student characteristics, interpreter characteristics, and educational settings.     

爱因斯坦传奇

[1]一个多世纪前,艾伯特·爱因斯坦最初在瑞士伯尔尼专利局工作。他在瑞士联邦技术学院的入学考试中不及格,便接受了评估发明创造的工作,因为有稳定的收入。[2]然而在1905年,他的发明令任何在专利局登记的专利都相形见绌。从3月到9月,他发表了5篇论文,其中任何一篇都能荣获诺贝尔奖。它们使我们对宇宙的理解发生了革命性变化。那年他26岁。[3]今年被命名为爱因斯坦年,以纪念这位物理学家取得这伟大成就100周年。没有人在如此短暂的时间内创造出如此重要和富有创意的著作。他论证了宇宙并不像它看上去那样。     

动物的早期进化

“那辆卡车里有两则对称动物”，当我们看见卡车消失在公路拐弯处的时候，Jun-Yuan Chen这样说首。Chen是中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的古生物学家，他和我以及当时在南加州大学的同事Stephen Q.Dombos 刚刚从中国贵州省一个有5.8亿-6.0亿年历史的地层中收集了一大卡车黑色岩石。Chen坚信这些岩石里面蕴藏了重要的信息。     

Perfusion systems that minimize vascular volume fraction in engineered tissues

This study determines the optimal vascular designs for perfusing engineered tissues. Here, "optimal" describes a geometry that minimizes vascular volume fraction (the fractional volume of a tissue that is occupied by vessels) while maintaining oxygen concentration above a set threshold throughout the tissue. Computational modeling showed that optimal geometries depended on parameters that affected vascular fluid transport and oxygen consumption. Approximate analytical expressions predicted optima that agreed well with the results of modeling. Our results suggest one basis for comparing the effectiveness of designs for microvascular tissue engineering.