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991.
Knowledge management (KM) in project-based organizations has received substantial attention in recent years, as knowledge processes are insufficiently supported within the organization as a whole. This study specifically focuses on the project actor’s role in managing knowledge. From an actor’s perspective, the problems raised by knowledge embeddedness are identified as a key issue to link project knowledge and organizational knowledge. A conceptual framework is developed that addresses three different aspects of knowledge embeddedness: a relational dimension, a temporal dimension and a structural dimension. Three cases are studied, covering varying forms of organizations in different areas (a consulting firm, an R&D department and an industrial business unit). The results concerning the relational dimension indicate that project actors re-build the network of relationships supporting knowledge. Regarding the temporal dimension, and specifically in their professional field, actors frame professional knowledge related to their project experience. However, actors fail to surmount the problems raised by the structural dimension of knowledge embeddedness. The resulting recommendations for KM concern both Human Resource Management practices and organizational design. 相似文献
992.
993.
Animal-Assisted programs with children are becoming increasingly popular in school and therapeutic settings. This article
provides an overview of the benefits accrued by children as well as the concerns with programs which involve animals, and
therapy dogs in particular, in these environments. Research over the past 30 years indicates that therapy dogs may offer physiological,
emotional, social, and physical support for children. The distinguishing features of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) are characterized
by the supplemental inclusion of a trained therapy dog in reaching an intervention goal in therapeutic environments, and as
a supplement to an educational objective in school contexts. The general assumptions underlying AAT with children are that
although therapy dogs are interactive, children seem to perceive them as non-judgemental participants who are outside of the
complications and expectations of human relationships. This unique interaction may offer children a valuable form of social
and emotional support in educational and therapeutic settings. 相似文献
994.
A pilot study examining holistic wellness factors and drinking behaviors among undergraduate students revealed several significant relationships. Two second‐order wellness factors of the Indivisible Self model of wellness—Coping Self and Essential Self—were negatively associated with both alcohol use intensity and drinking consequences. Implications for college counselors and for further research are considered. 相似文献
995.
Sigrun K. Ertesv?g P?l Roland Grete S?rensen Vaaland Svein St?rksen Jarmund Veland 《Journal of Educational Change》2010,11(4):323-344
The Respect program is a whole school approach to prevent and reduce problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate
which conditions in schools helped them to continue the program successfully after the end of the 1-year implementation period.
The study also looked at the actual continuation after the program end. Especially, we looked at which strategies and structures
promoted change beyond the implementation phase. The project groups at four Norwegian schools implementing the program were
interviewed at the end of the implementation period and again 2? years later. The main findings suggest that involvement in
the Respect program enables schools to implement change. However, it is challenging for the schools to continue the work afterwards.
The one school that successfully continued the work after the program was characterized by strong and supportive leadership,
leadership at many levels, they made plans and saw them through, renewed activities and new members of staff were introduced
to and included in the work according to the program principles. These elements were more or less lacking at the other three
schools, at least after the active program period. A main finding is that a 1-year program period is not long enough for most
schools to implement and continue an extensive whole school program like Respect. 相似文献
996.
Three experiments tested human participants on a two-dimensional, computer, landmark-based search task to assess the integration
of independently acquired spatial and temporal relationships. Experiment 1 showed that A-B spatial training followed by B-outcome
spatial training resulted in spatial integration in such a way that A was effectively associated with the outcome. Experiment
2 showed that A-B spatial and temporal training followed by B-outcome spatial and temporal training resulted in integration
that created both spatial and temporal relationships between A and the outcome. Experiment 3 refuted an alternative explanation,
one that is based on decision-making speed, to the temporal-integration strategy that was suggested by Experiment 2. These
results replicate in humans the observations regarding spatial integration made by Sawa, Leising, and Blaisdell (2005) using
a spatial-search task with pigeons, and they extend those observations to temporal integration. 相似文献
997.
The predictability of Internet-specific epistemic beliefs for self-regulated learning within Internet technologies was examined
in a sample of 84 physics undergraduates. Dimensions of Internet-specific epistemic beliefs were found to explain unique variance
in Internet-based search, help-seeking, and self-regulatory strategies, respectively. Specifically, students who emphasized
that course-related knowledge located on the Internet consisted of specific facts and details perceived Internet-search and
evaluation of search results to be less problematic and reported on more help-seeking and use of self-regulatory strategies
during Internet-based learning. Moreover, students believing that Internet-based knowledge claims need to be checked against
other sources, reason, and prior knowledge were reportedly more likely to use self-regulatory strategies when using the Internet
during coursework. The results are discussed in light of what characterizes the Internet as a knowledge source. 相似文献
998.
Voices of home and school on democracy and human rights education at the primary level: a case study
The purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of home and school concerning ideally implemented primary
democracy and human rights education. In this qualitative study, data were collected from six voluntary classroom teachers
and 16 parents in a selected school through interviews. The results of the interview yielded five major themes: physical and
environmental issues, instructional process, teacher characteristics, assessment practices, and communication patterns for
teaching democracy and human rights ideally. Most of the participants also indicated the lack of partnership between home
and school. The results showed that there are gaps between the existing and desired conditions of democracy and human rights
education in schools. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Spontaneous alternating behavior (SAB), the tendency of an organism to successively turn left and right in a maze, is a standard
metric of short-term memory in developmental and pyschopharmacological studies. Although SAB is perhaps the most phylogenetically
widespread behavior in motile lifeforms, conflicting data on SAB exist for several sets of closely related taxa. For example,
previous studies provide contradictory evidence concerning the existence of spontaneous alternation behavior in the protozoanParamecium. However, these studies tested different species, using very different experimental designs. Using a single, factorial design
for both previously tested species,P. multimicronucleatum andP. caudatum, we found that, in fact, the two species do not differ in their alternation behavior; specifically, they alternate in mazes
with short tracks, but not in mazes with long tracks. These results are in accord with alternation studies on other taxa,
and they fully resolve the apparent contradictions in the earlier studies onParamecium. They also indicate that caution should be used in interpreting variable results across species tested with different experimental
designs and suggest that, in at least some taxa, SAB may not be strictly dependent on the use of short-term memory. 相似文献